初二下英语重点复习
语法、句型、词汇
宾语从句
考查要点
位置
连词
语序
时态
否定前移
与疑问词+to do的关系
辨别：if/when; if/whether
宾语从句的位置
怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？
1. 在动词后作宾语(动宾):
Do you know where he comes from? 划线部分是动词know的宾语.
2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:
He asked me when we would leave. 此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。
3.在介词后作宾语(介宾)：
Let’s talk about how we solve this problem.
4.在I’m sorry…, I’m afraid…, I’m sure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.
宾语从句的连词
1、主句+that（无词义，可省略）+从句（陈述句语序）
2、主句+whether / if （是否）+从句（陈述句语序）
3、主句+疑问词+从句（陈述句语序）
疑问词包括疑问代词（what, which, who, whose) 和疑问副词（when, how, where, why)。
宾语从句的时态
宾语从句需注意的时态问题:
1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。
He says (that) he will have a walk soon.
（soon指将来，从句用将来时）
The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school.
（暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）
I want to know who came here late this morning.
（今早已过去，从句用过去时）
2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。
He wondered if I would come.
She told me that her son had got well.
She said that she liked watching TV.
We thought Jim was wrong.
3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。
Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。
Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you）
Do you know which sweater she is
wearing? (不是is she)
辨别
“when”的用法：
“when”既可以引导宾语从句，又可以引导时间状语从句。
(1) “when” 引导宾语从句时译为 “何时，什么时候”。如：
I don’t know when he will come.
我不知道他什么时候会来。
(2) “when” 引导时间状语从句时译 为 “当……时”。如：
Patients can find us easily when they are in need.
当病人有需要时，他们能够很容易地就找到我们。
辨别
“ if ”引导的宾语从句时意为 “是否”。
“ if ”引导条件状语从时，意为 “如果”。
如：（1）I want to know if it’s polite to smoke during a meal in France.我想知道在法国吃饭时抽烟是否有礼貌。
( 2) If a fat person enters your shop, you’d better ask him or her to a coat in a dark color. 如果有一个比较胖的人进到你的店里，你最好让他（她）试深色的衣服。
辨别
whether与if引导宾语从句时，一般可以通用。但在下列情况下，whether不可换if。
(1) Whether后面紧跟有or not时。
如：I don’t know whether or not it rains.我不知道是否会下雨。
(2) whether 用在带有to的动词不定式之前。如：Please tell us whether to go or stay.
请告诉我们是去还是留。
疑问词+不定式
“疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式”相当于名词性短语，在句中作主语，宾语和表语。如：
When to start has not been decided.(作主语）
The question is how to carry out the plan.(作表语）
I don’t know whether to accept it or not.(作宾语）
这种结构可以和宾语从句互相转换。如：
I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do.
练习
1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.
—They say he is a teacher.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
5. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.
—Sorry, I don't know.
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live
C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
练习
6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A. /; bought B. has; bought
C. did; buy D. does; buy
7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning.
A. what the matter is B. what is wrong
C. what the matter was D. what wrong was
8. —Where is Jack
—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ .
A. that B. which C. where D. there
否定前移
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去。(注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称)
eg. I don‘t think you are right .
I don't believe they have finished their work yet.
状语从句
…while+主语+be doing
though/although与but
because与so
because与because of
so…that
so that
such…that
as…as/not…so (as)…as
主将从现
状语从句
While I was walking down the street yesterday, I saw a UFO.
昨天我在街上散步的时候，看见了飞碟。
He ran so fast that we couldn’t follow him.
他跑得太快，我们跟不上。
The desk is so heavy that I can’t carry it.
这张桌子太重，我搬不动。
The baby is so young that he can’t walk.
这个小孩太小，还不会走路。
so…that… 有时可以换成“such ＋a/an ＋形容词＋名词”句型。
The book is so interesting that I read it in one breath.
=It is such an interesting book that I read it in one breath.
当名词被many, much , little, few等修饰时，一般用 so,而不用 such。如：
I have so much work to do that I have no time to rest.
主将从现
当主句为将来时态或含有将来意义时，时间状语从句习惯上要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。
I will come to see you if I have time.
我有时间，我就来看你。
If the rain stops, I shall go out for a walk.
如果雨停了，我就出去散步。
Do it before you forget.（祈使句）
趁早动手，免得忘了。
If we ride at night, we should have lights on the bicycle or wear light- colored clothes.（含情态动词）
如果在晚上骑车，我们应该使用车灯或穿浅色的衣服 。
动词不定式
肯定式：to do sth.
否定式: not to do sth.
省略to的不定式：听观感使让帮，请最好不带to为什么不呢？
疑问词+不定式：what to do/how to do it
It’s+ adj.+ (for sb.) +to do sth.
too…to do sth.
in order to do sth.
allow/advise sb. (not) to do sth.
比较级
much/a little/even+比较级+than
比较级 + and +（同一）比较级
more and more + 多音节原级
The +比较级…, the +比较级…
最高级
(the)+最高级 + in/of短语
one of the +最高级+复数名词
并列结构
both…and…
either…or…
neither…nor…
not only…but also…
动词ing短语
be worth/busy doing
go on doing
stop…from doing
feel like doing
have fun doing
can’t help doing
avoid doing
finish doing
enjoy/like/love doing
be/get used to doing
look forward to doing
come into being
词义辨析
cost/take/pay/spend
reach/arrive/get to
other/another/the other
beat/win
too/also/either/as well
-ed/-ing
for example/ such as
alone/lonely
wish/hope
be made of/be made from
形容词与副词的用法
系动词+形容词
形容词+名词
something+形容词

动词+副词（-ly）

形容词/副词+enough
方位表达法
不同介词表达方位的用法：
1. to the + 方位名词+ of… 指互不接壤并互不管辖的两个地区。
Japan is to the east of China.（不接壤）
2. in the + 方位名词+ of … 指在某一范围之内的 地区。
Beijing is in the north of China.（在内部）
3. on the + 方位名词 + of … 指互相接壤但互不管辖的两个地区。
North Korea is on the northeast of China.（接壤）
词的用法
hardly
warn
except
stop
happen
enough
seem
make
another
( )1. —How much did you ____ buying the new bike?
—Three hundred yuan.
A. pay B. cost C. take D. spend
( )2. Kate’s grandmother lives in a house____, but she doesn’t feel ____.
A. alone; alone B. lonely; lonely
C. alone; lonely D. lonely; alone
( )3. —What’s the matter with Tom? He seems ____ sad.
—His pet dog died.
A. feel B. feels C. to feel D. feeling
( )4. —Shall we go hiking this weekend?
—Sounds ____.
A. good B. well C. good idea D. bad
( )5. —There is ____ with my watch, so I don’t know the time.
—Let me have a look.
A. something wrong B. anything wrong
C. wrong something D. wrong anything
( )6. The weather in Beijing is not ____ good ____ that in Hainan.
A. as; than B. so; as C. than; as D. as; so
( )7. —Why does Jane feel so upset?
—She failed the exam and she has no friends ____.
A. talking B. talking with
C. to talk D. to talk with
( )8. The little girl felt upset ____ her pet dog died.
A. why B. because of
C. because D. what
( )9. His mother gets up at 6:00 a. m. every day. She is used to ____ early to make breakfast for the family.
A. get up B. getting up C. gets up D. got up
( )10. The soft music sounds ____. We are all listening ____.
A. beautiful; carefully B. beautifully; carefully
C. moving; careful D. happily; careful
( )11. —I think Helen studies English as ____ as Lucy.
—I don’t think so. Helen often makes mistakes.
A. careful B. carefully
C. more careful D. more carefully
( )12. —Beth is ____ shy girl that she is always afraid ____ in public.
—I think she should talk to her friends first.
A. a such; speak B. such a; of speaking
C. a so; speak D. so a; of speaking
( )13. ____ Mr. Zhang gave us some good suggestions, we still didn’t deal with those problems
very well.
A. Though B. But C. Because D. /
( )14. Mr. Li is ill. Let Mr. Wang ____ us instead of him.
A. to teach B. teach C. teaches D. taught
( )15. New York is one of ____ in the world.
A. the large cities B. the large city
C. the largest cities D. the largest city
( )16. —What ____ news!
—Yes, all of the children were ____.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited
C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
( )17. Helen is 15 years old, and Joan is 15, too. So Helen is ____ Joan.
A. as big as B. as older as
C. as old as D. so old as
( )18. Let me just ____ this and then I’ll go swimming with you.
A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished
( )19. Tom didn’t go hiking with his classmates ____ his illness.
A. because B. because of C. as D. since
( )20. Mr. Li makes me ____, because it is bad for my health.
A. don’t smoke B. not smoke
C. not smoking D. not to smoke
( )21. It’s impossible for us ____ there on foot in two hours.
A. to get B. get C. getting D. got
( )22. —Though Mike is ____ boy, he can say many words.
—How clever!
A. an-one-year-old B. a one-year-old
C. an one-year old D. a one-year old
( )23. —What did the teacher say just now?
—He asked them ____ the math problem.
A. discussing B. discussed C. to discuss D. discuss
( )24. —How much did your new car ____ you?
—￥800 000.
A. spend B. pay C. cost D. take
( )25. They will decide whether ____ the movie The Sound of Music at the cinema.
A. see B. to see C. seeing D. saw
( )26. —Where is Japan, do you know?
—It’s ____ the east of China.
A. in B. at C. to D. on
( )27. —Mary can’t help ____ the house. Why?
—Because she is busy ____ a hotel reservation.
A. to clean; making B. cleaning; making
C. cleaning; to make D. to clean; to make
( )28. My father was watching TV ______ my mother was cooking.
A. when B. until C. while D. as soon as
( )29. Mr. Green ____ go to bed ____ he finished his work last night.
A. does; until B. don’t; until
C. didn’t; until D. isn’t; until
( )30. The official was looking at a postcard sadly ____ his workmate came in.
A. while B. when C. after D. before
( )31. —I’m sorry that John is out.
—Please ask him to call me as soon as he ____.
A. returned B. returns
C. will return D. is returning
( )32. —The girls ____ the boys in that exciting football match.
—How surprising!
A. win B. beat C. hit D. hurt
( )33. She didn’t have a rest and ____.
A. continue working B. go on working
C. went on to work D. went on working
( )34. Jack is a little ____ than Peter.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )35. At last, the truck avoided ____ the tree.
A. hit B. to hit C. hitting D. hits
( )36. Li Lei’s legs were ____ in the traffic accident yesterday.
A. badly hurt B. bad hurt C. hurts D. hurt bad
( )37. Miss Li warns us ____ loudly in the classroom.
A. not speak B. not speaking
C. not to speak D. don’t speak
( )381. China is ____ the west of Japan and ____ the east of Asia.
A. in; to B. to; in C. on; to D. at; in
( )39. They ____ Miss Brown at the airport when she arrives this afternoon.
A. will meet B. met C. meet D. meets
( )40. I think Mike is ____ student in my class.
A. more careful B. the most careful
C. careful D. careless
( )41. If it ____ tomorrow, I ____ not go there by bike.
A. rained; will B. rains; will
C. is going to rain; do D. rains; do
( )42. As soon as the teacher came in, the boys stopped ____.
A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed
( )43. Tom misses his brother very much and he is looking forward ____ him.
A. to hear from B. hearing from
C. to hearing from D. heard from
( )44. —What beautiful clothes you are wearing! They must be expensive.
—No. They only ____ me fifty yuan.
A. cost B. spent C. paid for D. took
( )45. When Jane heard the news, she couldn’t help ____.
A. to cry B. cry C. cried D. crying
( )46. My father doesn’t have much money. I don’t have, ____.
A. too B. also C. still D. either
( )47. —Mom, my classmates invited me ____ a field trip. May I go with them?
—OK.
A. go on B. to go on C. go in D. to go in
( )48. Please be quick, or we will have no time ____ have lunch.
A. to B. in C. on D. /
( )49. Li Lei isn’t ____ Liu Ming.
A. tall as B. as taller as
C. as tall as D. as the taller as
( )50. The old man lives ____ but he doesn’t feel ____.
A. lonely; alone B. alone; alone
C. alone; lonely D. lonely; lonely
( )51. It is not right ____ in public places.
A. smokes B. smoking
C. smoked D. to smoke
( )52. She will call you if she ____.
A. goes to B. go back
C. come back D. comes back
( )53. She didn’t sing the song ____ at the party last night.
A. enough good B. well enough
C. enough well D. good enough
( )54. —Shall we invite our English teacher to the food festival?
—That’s a good idea! But I ____ think she ____ come.
A. don’t; will B. /; won’t C. won’t; will D. do; won’t
( )55. —Could I have ____ bottle of apple juice, please?
—Of course. Here you are.
A. another B. other C. the other D. others
( )56. I don’t know ____ it’s polite or not to eat with our arms or elbows on the table in America.
A. if B. whether C. weather D. which
( )57. —I want to know if Bob ____ us in the discussion tonight.
—I believe if he ____ his homework, he will join us.
A. will join; will finish B. will join; finishes
C. joins; finishes D. joins; will finish
( )58. Not only you but also I ____ interested in the English song Yesterday Once More.
A. am B. are C. was D. were
( )59. —Remember, everyone. ____ you study, ____ result you’ll get.
—We get it(明白), Miss Read.
A. The better; the harder B. The harder; the better
C. The hard; the better D. The harder; the good
( )60. My little sister likes some soft drinks, ____ tea, milk and lemonade.
A. for example B. such as C. looks like D. is like
( )61. With Xu Ming’s help, Zhang Lin does his homework ____ than before.
A. more careful B. more carefully
C. much careful D. much carefully
( )62. This book is very interesting, so it is worth ____.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. be read
( )63. The teacher said that the moon ____ around the earth.
A. went B. goes C. go D. is going
( )64. When you go to a dinner party, you should ____.
A. speak quiet B. speak quietly
C. speak few D. spoke quietly
( )65. Which one goes ____, the car, the train or the plane?
A. fast B. the fastest
C. fastest D. the most fast
( )66. The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide ____.
A. what to eat B. how to eat
C. where to eat D. when to eat
( )67. ____ Lily ____ Milly likes pizza. They often say pizza is very delicious.
A. Either; or B. Neither; nor
C. Not only; but also D. Both; and
( )68. Mr. Tong asked us ____ be afraid of ____ the exam.
A. to; have B. not to; have
C. to; having D. not to; having
( )69. —How’s the weather tomorrow?
—I don’t know if it ____ tomorrow.
—Well, if it ____, I won’t go out with you.
A. will rain; will rain B. rains; rains
C. rains; will rain D. will rain; rains
( )70. This purse is made ____ leather ____ France.
A. of; by B. by; from C. from; in D. of; in
( )71. —Did you see who the driver was?
—No, the car ran so fast ____ I couldn’t have a good look at his face.
A. that B. which C. as D. after
( )72. —Did Mr. White tell you ____?
—Yes. He said he went there in 2003.
A. when he traveled to Tibet B. how he goes to Wuhan
C. where he spent his holidays D. why did he visit Kunming
( )73. Jim said the book ____ very interesting.
A. be B. is C. was D. are
( )74. None of the shoes in the shop fit me well. They are ____ too big ____ too small.
A. both; and B. either; or C. not only; but also D. not; but
( )75. The policeman asked the child ____ so that he could take him home.
A. where did he live B. where he lived
C. how did he live D. how he lived
( )76. The children were so excited that they could ____ speak.
A. nearly B. almost C. hardly D. usually
( )77. —Harbin is really a beautiful city and there’re many places of interest.
—So it is. Why not stay here for ____ two days?
A. other B. others C. another D. more
( )78. The fashion show is ____ wonderful ____ we all like it.
A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. very; that
( )79. His parents don’t allow him ____.
A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smokes
( )80. The policewoman stopped the man from ____ something bad.
A. do B. doing C. does D. will do
( )81. Is there ____ in today’s show?
A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. interesting anything D. anything interesting
( )82. —Excuse me, could you tell me ____?
—There’s a bank on the second floor. You can do it there.
A. where I can change money B. how I can get to the bank
C. if there’s a bank near here D. where the bank is
( )83. The reporter was busy ____ the famous model.
A. interviewing B. interviews C. interviewed D. interview
( )84. Kate is a little fat. Her mother advises her ____ clothes in dark colors.
A. wear B. to wear C. wearing D. wears
( )85. —Why do they look so disappointed?
—They look disappointed ____ they can’t go to see Love Me Once More, Mom.
A. so B. but C. because D. because of
( )86. —How is this kind of apple?
—It tastes ____ and sells ____.
A. good; good B. well; well
C. good; well D. well; good
( )87. —Do you know when ____? I miss him very much.
—Don’t worry. I will tell you as soon as ____.
A. will he come; he comes
B. he will come; he comes
C. he comes; he will come
D. he will come; he will come