Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
(I): statements and questions
Unit 1 Friendship Grammar
To learn and use the direct speech and the indirect speech in statements and questions.
语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。
“I don’t want to set down a series of
facts in a diary,” said Anne.
Anne said that she didn’t want to set
down a series of facts in a diary.
direct speech
indirect speech
indirect speech
direct speech
“Does a friend always have
to be a person?” the writer
asks us.
The writer asks us if a
friend always
has to be a person.
Observe and fill in
What’re the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?
Differences
direct speech
indirect speech
◆To report what
exactly has been
said
◆The words usually
appear in quotation
marks
◆To report what
has been said
without using the
exact words
◆No quotation
marks
引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫____________;
直接引语
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________。
间接引语
直接引语通常都用_________括起来，
引号“ ”
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ________。
宾语从句
How to change direct speech into
indirect speech?
Change what has been said to an
object clause or an infinitive phrase;
b. Change personal pronouns;
c. Change tenses;
d. Change adverbials of time and
place;
e. Other cases.
He said, “I like it very much.”
He said that he liked it very much.
He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.
He told me that he had left his book in my room.
b. Change personal pronouns:
I said to her, “I have done my best.”
I told her that I had done my best.
Past continuous
Past perfect
Past perfect
Future in the past
Past perfect
Past perfect
con-tinuous
c. The changes of the tenses
Simple past
He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.”
He said that he had lost a key there the
day before/the previous day.
“I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him.
Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.
d. Change adverbials of time
and place
e. Other cases
She said, “I’ll come here again tonight.”
She said she would go there again that night.
He said, “I want this.”
He said that he wanted that.
May said to Tom, “I’ll bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”
May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.
由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下列情况时态不变:
1. 不变的真理
The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”
→ The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.
2. 经常的习惯
He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.”
→ He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.
3. 历史事件
The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.”
→ The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.
4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等
She said to me, “You must hurry up.”
→ She said that I must hurry up.
转述他人的陈述→陈述句
→ She asked me what I was doing.
He said, “I’m going to Beijing.”
→ He said that he was going to Beijing.
He asked, “Are you a teacher?”
→ He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.
She said, “What are you doing?”
2. 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句
3. 转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句
解题步骤:
1. 陈述句:
“I don’t like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.
Sarah said to her friends
that
I don’t like
computers.
told
didn’t
she
Sarah told her friends that she didn’t like computers.
Tom said (that) there wasn’t any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.
注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时, 仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能省略。
Tom said, “There isn’t any trouble and
I’m waiting for my change (零钱).”
2. 一般疑问句:
Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?
(They asked him)
They asked him
if
It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.
asked
is
was
They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.
3. 特殊疑问句：
When do you harvest the wheat?
(They asked him)
They asked him
when
you harvest the wheat
you harvest the wheat.
he
harvested
They asked him when he harvested the wheat.
harvested
that引导的名词性从句
Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.
whether / if引导的名词性从句
John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.
wh-词引导的名词性从句
John asked Mary when she would return him the book.
由直接引语转变为间接引语, 有时会引起时态的变化, 注意以下几个方面。
从句动词时态不变
She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.
一般现在时
“I know it,” he said.
一般过去时
He said that he knew it.
现在进行时
“I’m making coffee for you all,” she said.
过去进行时
She said she was making coffee for us all.
现在完成时
“I have seen her before,” said he.
过去完成时
He said he had seen her before.
现在完成进行时
He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”
过去完成进行时
He said he had been doing it for hours.
一般过去时
“I saw her last Monday,” he said.
过去完成时
He said he had seen her the previous Monday.
过去进行时
“I was waiting for Jim,” she said.
过去完成进行时
She said she had been waiting for Jim.
过去完成时
“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?” Jack asked.
过去完成时
Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.
一般将来时
He said, “We shall start tomorrow.”
过去将来时
He said they would start the next day.
1. 直接引语和间接引语的概念。
2. 直接引语和间接引语之间如何
相互转换。
3. 注意人称、时态、指示代词、时
间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
注: 另附 word 文档。
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1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”
Jack told me that ___ worried ___. A. he looked … today B. you look … today C. we looked … that day D. I looked … that day
Quiz I: Multiple choice
2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.”
We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking … then B. you are walking … now C .they were walking … then D. they walking … now
3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”
Mr Black said that ___ a long way ___. A. I had walked … last week B. he had walked … that week C. I walked … last week D. he has walked … this week
4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”
The man thought that ___ take it back ___. A. I shall … tomorrow B. I shall … the next day C. he should … tomorrow D. he would … the next day
5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?”
They asked us ___ afraid to leave ___ house. A. that were we … this B. that we were … that C. if were we … this D. if we were … that
6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”
Jane asked ___ about ___. A. that he heard … a week ago B. what he had heard … a week before C. what he had heard … a week ago D. if he heard … a week ago
7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?”
She asked whose house ___ break into ___. A. will he … next time B. would he … the next time C. he would … the next time D. he will … next time
8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where ___ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your
9. Black asked me, “Why haven’t you left here yet?”
Black asked me why ___ yet. A. I hadn’t left there B. I haven’t left here C. hadn’t I left there D. haven’t I left here
10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”
The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east. A. if … rise B. if … rises C. whether … rose D. whether did … rise
Quiz II
根据句型及句意将下列直接引语
变为间接引语，每空一词。
1. Alice said, “I've just got a letter 
from my father.” 
Alice said that _____ _____ just 
got a letter from ______ father.
she
her
had
2. Jane asked Dick, “Have you 
finished writing the report?” 
    Jane asked Dick __________ ___ 
____ _______ writing the report.
whether/if
he
finished
had
3. Mr. Smith said to the girl, “I will 
come here to see you next Sunday.”   
Mr. Smith _____ the girl that
___ _______ ___ there to see ____
_____ __________ Sunday.
told
he would go
her
the following
B) 根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变 为直接引语，每空一词。
1. He told me that a friend in need 
is a friend indeed. 
He ____ ____ me, “A friend in 
need ___ a friend indeed.”
said
is
to
2. She said that she had received a
letter two days before. 
She said, “___ _________ a letter 
____ _____ ____.”
3. He asked me whether I liked black 
tea or green tea.  He asked me, “____ ____ _____ 
black tea or green tea?”
I
two days ago
Do you
like
received