Unit1
Festivals around the world
单词详解
1. take place 物;事做主语 无进行,无被动
1) 发生
Was there anybody passing by when the
accident took place?

2）举行
The singer was ill. The performance didn’t
take place after all.
与place相关短语：
in one’s place

in place

take one’s place

take the place of ….
处于某人的位置, 为
某人设身处地想一想

在合适的位置, 就位

取代, 就位

取代，代替
辨析: take place, happen, occur, break out, come about
take place 指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。
我们学校的运动会将于下周五举行。
Our school sports meeting is going to take place
next Friday.
2)happen 偶然或未能预见的发生, 可以和to 连用
或接that引导的从句。
他碰巧没有读过那部小说。
He happened not to have read the novel.
It happened that he had read the novel.
3)occur 既可指某事偶然发生, 也指某事按计划发生,
可与happen互换。也有“突然想起 ” 之意，常与to连用
许多事故是发生在家里的。
常用于；sth occurs to sb/it occurs to sb that…..
Many accidents occur in the house.
A good idea occurred to him.
4) break out 仅用于负面场合, 常用于灾难, 战争,
疾病之类事情的突然爆发。
发生了大火/战争爆发了。 A fire / war broke out.
5) come about 属于中性词组, 既可用于表达正面
事情的发生, 又可用于表达负面事情的发生。
你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？
Can you tell me how the accident came about？
2. beauty
beautiful
beautify v美化
3. harvest
n/v 收获，收割
a good harvest 丰收 harvester 收割机/人
The farmer hired extra workers for the harvest. 
We will harvest the fruit in autumn.
4. celebrate v 庆祝
We held a party to celebrate our success.
celebration n.

congratulate v 祝贺
congratulate sb. on (doing ) sth.
I ~ him on passing the exam.
congratulation （常加s）
starve v.
挨饿; 饿死
Millions of people starved to death during the war.
2) (使某人)得不到某事物而受苦或渴望获得某事物; 缺乏
The homeless children were starved for love .
3) to feel very hungry 感觉很饿, 仅用于进行时态
When will dinner be ready? I’m starving.

starvation n. [U] 饿死
die of starvation
starvation wages 不够维持基本生活的工资
6. origin
起源，由来，起因

What was the origin of the accident?
The origins of life on earth

可用做可数名词或不可数名词, 通常用作复数形式

original adj. 原始的
7. religious
1）宗教上的，信奉宗教的
Most western people have religious beliefs.

2) 虔诚的
She is a very religious person.

religion n.
8. in memory of
纪念
The museum was built in memory of the
famous scientist.
in honor of
in praise of
in celebration of
in search of
in need of
in favour of
in charge of
9. belief

1)信任; 信心 [U]
I have strong belief in my future.

2) 信仰[C]
religious beliefs
宗教信仰
beyond belief
难以置信
believe v.
10. dress up
盛装，打扮

You should dress up when you take part in
the party.
dress 给…穿衣服 dress sb./oneself

Wake up children and dress them.
Hurry up and get dressed. （动态）
The girl was dressed in red. （静态）
11. trick
n. 诡计，花招
They had to think of a trick to get passed the guards.
do/perform a trick 玩把戏
2) n. 窍门，招数
Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign
language.
3）vt. 欺骗，诈骗
She tricked the SnowWhite into eating the poisoned
apple.
The man tricked the old woman out of all her money.
trick sb into sth/doing sth 诱骗某人做某事
trick sb. out of sth 诱骗某人某物
12. play a trick/tricks on…
捉弄… 戏弄….
The naughty boy loves playing tricks on others.

13. poet
诗人
Li Bai is a great poet who wrote many famous
poems.
14.arrival

1）到达，到来
The arrival of the train is 9:00.
On our arrival at the farm, we were welcomed
by the farmers.

2) 到达者
They went out to welcome the new arrivals.
a new arrival=a baby

arrive v
15. gain

1） 获得
He gained full marks in the exam.

2) 赢得
The scientist gained the respect of his students.

No pains, no gains.
16. independence

独立，自主
India gained independence from Britain in 1947.
depend v
dependent adj
independent adj 独立的，自主的

 be dependent on/upon 依靠
be independent of 不受…支配的
不依赖的
17. gather

1）搜集
The writer is gathering materials for his works.
2)集合
The teacher gathered the students around her.
3) 聚集
The clouds are gathering.
【辨析】
collect 指有计划, 有选择地收集。
He collects stamps.
18. award

1）v.授予，判定
They awarded him the title of Hero.
Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.
The referee awarded a free kick.
2） n. 奖，奖品
She got the first award in the English contest.
The award for the year’s best actress was a
young woman.
award sb. sth. =award sth to sb.
奖赏某人某物
辨析: award 和reward
award后接双宾语
reward 奖赏, 给……报酬, 不能接双宾语;
reward sb. for sth.
因 ……奖赏某人；
reward sb. with sth.
用某物酬劳某人
She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole morning’s hard work.
19. produce

v 生产
The factory produces 1,000 cars a week.

2）n 产品,尤指农产品
The shop sells only fresh local produce.
product 产品 production 产量
productive 多产的，生产的
a productive writer
20. admire

钦佩,羡慕
We all admire him for his courage and bravery.
admire sb. for sth.在某方面钦佩某人

2) 欣赏
I admire your poems very much .

3) 赞美
He admired her new dress.

admiration n.
21. look forward to (doing) sth.
期待着(做)某事

Children are looking forward to Spring Festival.
He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.
22. day and night
日夜; 昼夜; 整天

Her mother is ill. She has to take care of her
day and night in the hospital.
23. clothing 服装（总称，除衣裤还包括鞋帽）
an article of clothing 一件衣服
The cost of food, clothing and shelter is high.
辨析: cloth, clothes, clothing
cloth 指做衣服等用的材料, 如布料, 毛料,
丝绸等, 不可数。“一块布料”是 a piece of cloth.
注意: cloth 指具体用途的布时, 可与冠词连用。
a table cloth 一块桌布
a dish cloth 一块擦碗布
2) clothes 指具体的衣服, 包括上衣, 裤子等, 不能
与不定冠词或数词连用, 但可与物主代词, 指示
代词, 少数不定代词连用。作主语时, 谓语用
复数形式。
He wears fine clothes. 他穿着很讲究。
3) clothing 是衣服, 服装的总称, 是集合名词。
作主语时候, 谓语动词用单数形式。如果要表示
“一件衣服”时, 可以说an article of clothing
或a piece of clothing, 但不能用 a suit of clothing
那家商店卖童装。
The shop sells children's clothing.
24. as though
as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些,
却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语
常用虚拟语气。
1) 引导方式状语从句
She acted as though nothing had happened．
她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。
当从句主语和主句主语一致, 从句谓语中又含
有动词be时, 可以把主语和 be一起省去。
He looked about as though (he was) in search
of something. 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。
2) 引导表语从句
It looks as if it’s going to rain．

as though和as if从句用虚拟语气, 还是用陈述
语气, 完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示
的意思与事实完全相反, 或者纯粹是一种假设,
通常用虚拟语气。
The child talks as if she were an adult.
He talked as if he had known everything.
25. have fun (with sb)
(与某人)玩得开心
We had fun with each other on that day.
fun为不可数名词, 没有复数, 也不能加a.
make fun of 取笑……
for fun read for fun
adj. funny 有趣的
26. custom

1)风俗
The celebration of the Spring Festival is a custom for Chinese.
It is the custom for the Japanese to take off
their shoes when they get into a hall.

2) 习惯=habit
It was her custom to rise early.

the Customs 海关
27. worldwide
世界性的

Wild life protection has attracted worldwide
attention.
28. fool

n. 愚人，白痴，受骗者
I felt a fool when I realized my mistake.

2）v.愚弄，欺骗
You’re fooling yourself if you think playing
computer games will not affect your studies.
29. permission

允许，许可

I asked for his permission to use the car.
You have my permission to leave.

permit sb. to do sth.
30. turn up.
1) 出席(某活动), 出现
We planned to meet at 7:00, but he didn’t turn up.
2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些
Turn up the radio a little, I can hardly hear
the program.
The teacher turned down the students’ proposal(请求）.
拒绝
I thought it would rain the next day, but it
turned out to be a sunny day.
结果是……
turn off 关掉 turn on 打开
turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
31. keep one’s word

守信，履行诺言
I promised my teacher to work hard, I must~.
=perform one’s word.
break one’s word 失信
Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one
will trust you.
word 此处为诺言为不可数名词
消息
Word came that he had succeeded.
32. hold one’s breath
= stop breathing for a time 屏住呼吸
The girl held her breath at the sight of the snake.
All Americans held their breath to see who would
win the election.
take breath 歇会儿
get one’s breath 喘过气来
be out of breath 喘不过气来
breathe v.
You must apologize to the teacher for being
so rude.
33. apologize
道歉 say sorry
apologize to sb for (doing) sth
apology n.
表达道歉
接受道歉
拒绝道歉
make / offer an apology
accept an apology
refuse an apology
34. drown (drowned, drowned) v.
淹死
Don’t play by the river in case you fall and drown.
There was a drowning man .(快要淹死的）
drowned 已经淹死的
2) 浸, 泡
借…… 消愁 drown one’s sorrow/sadness in…
The floods drowned the streets and houses.
3) 淹没
The noise in the street drowned out her voice.
35. obvious
adj. 明显的, 清楚的
His meaning is obvious.
1) be obvious + to + 表示人的名词或代词
Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.
2) It + be + obvious +that-clause
It is obvious that you are wrong.
Obviously, he is telling a lie.
36. wipe

1） 擦/抹某物
Wipe your hands with the handkerchief.

2)把…擦掉，抹掉
The girl wiped her tears away.

3）把…擦干
The students wiped the floor dry.
37. weep (wept, wept)

哭泣，流泪
Failing in the exam, the girl wept over/for
her bad learning results.
38. set off

1)动身, 出发;
Tom and his father set off for America yesterday.
2)使(地雷、炸弹)爆炸;
The bomb set off among the crowd.
3)使某物更有吸引力
A woman’ s beauty is set off by her clothes and
jewellery.
set about doing sth. 着手(做某事)
set in 开始
set up 建立, 创立
set down 写下, 记下
set somebody to do something.
使某人开始工作
set somebody doing something
使某人处于某种状态
39. remind
提醒, 使想起
remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起…
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb. that 提醒…
The photo reminds me of my mother.
Remind me to take my books tomorrow.
My teacher reminded me that I should finish my homework on time.
What you said just now ____ me
of that American professor.
A. mentioned B. informed
C. reminded D. memorized
C
40. forgive (forgave, forgiven)

vt. 原谅, 饶恕
Please forgive me, I didn’t mean to hurt you.
Please forgive me for being late.
=please forgive my being late.
forgiving adj. 宽仁的, 宽大的
forgiveness n. 宽恕
ask for forgiveness
receive forgiveness