Learning key words and expressions in unit 5
rather than 表示客观事实，意为“是…而不是…；与其…不如…”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。
(1) 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor.
与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。
1. rather than
You rather than I are going to go camping.
是你而不是我要去要野营。
(3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
(2) 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful
rather than cheap.
与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
注意rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(4) 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he
should help us.
是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
(5) 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。
如: Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
2.chat vi ＆n 聊天；闲聊
chat about sth/sb 闲谈、闲聊
They are chatting about the weather.
他们在谈论天气。
I just called in for a chat.
我只是来聊聊天。
I had a long chat with her.
我和她聊了很久。
Trees surround our house.
我们房子的四周都是树。
The police surrounded the house.
警察包围了这幢房子。
surround… with 四周环绕有…
sth/sb be surrounded by/with sth被…所包围
The school is surrounded by /with trees.
学校周围绿树成荫。
Surrounding adj 环绕的；周围的
Surroundings n 环境；周围的事物
3. surround vt. 包围; 围绕; 圈住
We could see the buildings ____ by trees.
A. being surrounded
B. surrounded
C. to be surrounded
D. surround
B
■运用：用surround翻译下列句子。
(1)这个城市被一条河流包围着。
_________________________________________
(2)快乐幸福围绕你。
Joy and happiness ______________________.
(3)部队已将该城包围。
Troops _____________________.
(4)我们生活在舒适的环境中。
We are living in pleasant ____________.
surroundings
The city is surrounded by a river.
surround you
have surrounded the town
4.measure vi＆vt 测量；衡量；判定 n 计量单位；计量制；措施
The room measures about 20 feet wide.
这个房间宽约20英尺。
I measured his weight. 我量了他的身高。
take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事
We should take some measures to solve theses
difficulties.
我们应该采取些措施来解决这些难题。
5. settle down
(1) 坐下; 躺下
He settled down in his chair to read
the newspaper.
(2) 过安定的生活
After years of travelling, he decided to
settle down here.
(3) 安下心来; 专心致志于
Then they settled themselves down to work.
与settle相关的短语:
settle an old score 清算旧帐
settle for sth. 勉强接受
settle in/into sth. 适应
settle on sth. 选定; 决定
■运用：请用settle的适当形式填空或完成句子。
(1)We hope for a last __________ (settle) of all these troubles.
(2)It is said that the first __________(settle) of this country are prisoners.
(3)你最好安定下来并开始复习功课。
___________________________ and study the lesson.
(4)这一家人不久就在中国定居下来。
The family soon ____________________________
settlement
settlers
You had better settle down
settled down in China
6.manage to do sth.设法做成某事
（succeed in doing sth.)
try to do sth.设法去做某事(不一定成功)
eg.how did you manage to persuade him?
你是怎样说服他的?
I try to persuade him.
我尽量去说服他.
7.catch sight of sb./sth.看见,瞥见
I caught sight of her out of the corner of my eye.
我用眼一瞟,看见了她 .
We caught sight of the hills in the distance.
我们看到了远处的山峰.
at first sight 乍一看
in/within sight 看得见,在视线内
out of sight 看不见,在视线外
lose sight of 看不见....；忘记考虑...
at the sight of 看见…
用sight 得短语完成句子
①We mustn’t _____________（忘记，忽略）
our close friends.
②There was no one_____________ 看得见.
③_____________乍一看，it may look like a
cloud.
④I have been known to faint （一见到血）
__________ ____________
⑤ She 看见———————a car in the distance.
lose sight of
in/within sight
At first sight
caught sight of
at the sight of blood
8.have a gift for
gift n [c] 禀赋,天生的才能

gifted adj a gifted dancer
She is gifted in/at writing.
He has ___ _____ ___ ______(有音乐天赋).
so we often call him a _______(才华横溢的) musician.
她对学语言有天赋。
有天赋,才能的
在..方面有天赋
a
gift
for
music
gifted
have a gift for
she has a gift for learning languages.
within与in表达时间的区别:
within指在时间范围之内，不超过；而in 是经过若干时间，指期限之外。
I’ll be there within an hour.
（一小时之内）
I’ll be there in an hour.
（一小时之后）
9. within prep 在---之内; 不越过
[考例] Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within _____ of little children. (湖北2004)
A. hand B. reach
C. pace D. distance
[点拨] 本题考查固定短语。within reach of sb. 或within one’s reach 意为“在某人能够得着的范围之内”。
B
within
介词within的一般含义是“在……范围内”，既可指空间限度，亦可指时间限度，强调“在……之内而不超出”之意
during
侧重表达时间方面，"在这段时间，而不是在那段时间。"during常和"the"连用。
during the lesson
during the summer
during his lifetime
10.border n. 边界；国界v. 与…接壤
The terrorists escaped across the border.
恐怖分子越过边境逃走了.
How many countries border China?
有多少国家与中国接壤?
the countries bordering the Baltic
波罗的海沿岸国家
On the border of 接近、临近；即将
She sat quietly on the border of the lake.
她静静地坐在湖畔。
11.mix vt＆vi 混合；调配
You can`t mix oil with water.
你不能把油和水混合起来。
mix up 使混淆；弄乱
I always mix up the twins.
我总是把这对双胞胎弄混。
mixture n 混合物；混合状态
12.confirm vt 证实；证明；批准
The expression on her face confirmed our fears.
她脸上的表情证实了我们的担忧。
I am confirmed in my faith.
我的信仰很坚定。
Has everyone confirmed (that) they’re coming?
[自我归纳] confirm意为__________ 后可接that从句；也可意为________________________ 。
[拓展] confirmation n. 证实、确认书、证明书
confirmed adj. 确定的、已被证实的
批准(职位、协议等)、确认
证实、确定
13.in the distance 在远方，远方的
他们看到远处有几所房子。
They saw a few houses _____________.
in the distance
at the distance 隔开一些,在稍远一点
keep one’s distance 保持距离
The painting looks more beautiful ________.
We saw lights ______________.
at the distance
in the distance
distant adj a distant village
14.nearby adv 在附近 adj 附近的；邻近的
The girl you want to see lives nearby.
你想见得那个姑娘就住在附近。
In a nearby village,we found the old man.
在附近的一个村庄里，我们找到了这位老人。
nearby 即可做前置定语，又可做后置定语，而near by 只能做后置定语：a nearby hotel=a hotel nearby / near by 附近的一家旅馆
15.tradition n 传统；风俗
It is a good tradition that the young look after the old.
年轻人照顾老人是一个优良传统。
by tradition 按照传统风俗
By tradition,children paly tricks on 1 April.
依传统，孩子们在4月1日搞恶作剧。
traditional adj 传统的；习俗的
16.impress vt 使印象深刻；使铭记
His sincerity impressed her.
他的真诚打动了她。
impress sb with sth/sb 给某人留下深刻印象
He impressed her with his sincerity.
他的真诚打动了她。
impress sth/itself on/upon sth 使铭记
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.她的话语我铭记在心。
impressive adj 感人的；给人印象深刻的
17. broad adj. 宽阔的
◆搭配：熟记下列词组或句式搭配。
broad daylight 光天化日
broad facts 明显的事实
broad-minded气量大的
broad shoulders/chest/back宽阔的肩膀/胸膛/背
It is as broad as it’s long…没有差别，不相上下
have a broad knowledge of…具有广博的……方面的知识
broaden sb.’s horizons开阔某人的眼界
▲辨析 broad 指表面或幅面的宽广；指脸、肩、背、胸、叶等，用broad。
wide 一边到另一边的距离；口、眼之大，及与open连用，用wide。
●用broad或wide填空。
(1)She stared at him with ___________ eyes.
(2) The robbery occurred in __________ daylight, in a crowded street.
wide
broad
Broad 宽的 Abroad 在国外
Board 甲板 Aboard 在船上
复合形容词
1). N.-Ned
baby-faced (娃娃脸的)
horse-faced (马脸的)
2). adj.-Ned
good-mannered (有礼貌的)
narrow-minded (心胸狭窄的)
absent-minded (心不在焉的)
old-fashioned (过时的)
short-sighted (近视的)
3). 数字-Ned
one-legged (独脚的)
three-headed (三个头的)
five-sided (五个边的)
two-storied (两层楼的)
例外︰数字-计量单位(-adj)，注意复数时，单位名词仍不加s。
three-year-old (三岁大的)
two-week (两个礼拜的)
one-way (单行的)
4). N-Ving
body-building (强身的)
peace-loving (爱好和平的)
heart-warming (感人的)
law-abiding (守法的)
5). adj.-Ving
easy-going (悠哉的)
good-looking (美貌的)
high-sounding (夸张的)
6). adv.-Ving
hard-working (工作努力的)
fast-moving (移动快速的)
far-reaching (影响深远的)
7). N-pp(过去分词)
heart-broken (伤心的)
hand-made (手工的)
man-caused (人为的)
8). adj.-pp
plain-spoken (坦白说话的)
ready-made (现成的)
clean-cut (清秀的)
9). adv.-pp
out-spoken (直言的)
well-known (著名的)
well-behaved (守规矩的)
一、单词拼写 根据读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。
1____________ n. 大臣;部长
2____________ n. 测验
3____________ n. 大陆;陆地
4____________ adv.向东; adj.向东的
5____________ vt.& vi.包围; 环绕
6____________ n.景色
7____________ vt.& vi 定居;解决;平静下来
8____________ prep.在......之内; 不越出
9____________ vt&vi n.边界;国界与...接壤
10____________ adv.稍稍;轻微地
minister
quiz
continent
eastward
surround
scenery
settle
within
border
slightly
11____________ n. 海港口
12____________ adj.&adv. 在船\飞机\火车上
13____________ vt.使恐怖;恐吓
14____________ adj. 城市的
15____________ n. 枫;枫树;淡棕色
16____________ adv. 接近;大约
17____________ n. 霜;霜冻
18____________ adj.富有的n.富人;有钱人
19____________ n. 距离;远方
20____________ adj.宽阔的;广泛的;主要的
harbour
aboard
terrify
urban
maple
approximateiy
frost
wealthy
distance
broad
Exercises
I. 根据下列各句句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。
1. Passengers checked their b______ before boarding the plane.
2. My kids spend hours _______ (闲聊) on the phone to their friends.
3. We began our ________ (向东的) journey at dawn.
eastward
baggage
chatting
4. The government was urged to take _________ (措施) to fight the spread of AIDS.
5. They were the last two to go a______ the ship.
6. They were near the ______ (边界) between France and Germany.
border
measures
aboard
7. The boss decided to pass over his ______ (轻微的) mistakes.
8. In some developing countries more and more people are migrating to u____ areas.
9. The police s_________ the house after a murder happened last night.
10. During the windstorm the ships stayed in the h______.
harbour
slight
urban
surrounded
II. 选用方框内合适的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。
1. __________ go straight on to university why not get some work experience first?
2. Jackson went to the road that ________ the gardens on the left.
3. Elena sure ___________ telling stories.
has a gift for
Rather than
bordered
4. They’d like to see their daughter ___________, get married, and have kids.
5. I _____________ her hurrying away but I di