
21．（戏剧）一场；场面；景色n. _____________
22.小说,新颖的n.&adj. _____________
23．人行道n. _____________
24.作者n. _____________
_____________
25.冒险家n. _____________
_____________
26.过错,缺点,故障n. _____________
27．妒忌的adj. _____________
28.短语n. _____________
scene
novel
pavement
author

adventurer

fault
jealous
phrase
Ⅱ.写出下列单词的变化形式
1.许可(v.)_____________；通行证(n.) _____________；许可(n.)_____________
2.耐心(n.)_____________；有耐心的(adj.) _____________；不耐烦的(adj.)_____________
3.粗鲁的(adj.)_____________；粗鲁地(adv.) _____________；粗蛮(n.)_____________
4.出现，外貌(n.)_____________；出现(v.) _____________；消失(v.)_____________
5.冒险(n.v.)_____________；冒险家(n.) _____________
adventurer
permit
permit
permission
patience
patient
impatient
rude
rudely
rudeness
appearance
appear
disappear
adventure
6.便士（n.） _____________；身无分文的（adj.）_____________
7. 相信（v.）_____________；可以相信的（adj.）_____________；难以置信的（adj.）____________
penny
penniless
believe
believable
unbelievable
① permit vt.允许，许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照
根据语境感悟其用法
We don't permit middle school students to surf the Internet to play computer games.
我们不允许中学生去上网玩游戏。
链接
permission n. 允许；准许
短语
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
permit of 许可；准许
ask for permission 请求允许
with/without permission 经过/未经过允许
① permit vt.允许，许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照
to see p67 no.1
辨析
allow/permit
allow所表示的“允许”通常含有听任、默许、个人不加阻止之意；
permit含有(文件、上级规定)的“允许”，带有客观意味，语气较强。
① permit vt.允许，许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照
① permit vt.允许，许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照
活用 完成句子
(1)除非你有许可证，未经允许不能在此处停车。
You are not ________ to park here without __________ unless you have a _______.
(2)天气允许的话，我们就出去郊游。你们跟我们一块去如何？
Weather __________， we will go out for an outing. What about you going with us?
① permit vt.允许，许可 n. 通行证；许可证；执照
permitting
根据语境感悟其用法
It's my fault to have you waiting for so long a time.
让你等这么长的时间是我的过错。
②fault n. 错误；过失
短语
find fault with sb. 　挑某人的毛病
in/at fault 有错；有责任
be one's fault 是……的过错
correct a fault 改正错误
句型
It's one's fault to do sth.
做某事是某人的过错。
②fault n. 错误；过失
活用 单项填空
(1) “I don't think it's my______ that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that's all，” said the boy.
A. error B. mistake C. fault D. duty
C
③ spot n. & v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) He spotted a friend in the street and went over to her.
(2) There are spots even on the sun.
(3) There are a lot of spots to visit in such an old city. 　　
(4) He answered the question on the spot.
根据语义找匹配
A. 看见　B.场所，景点　
C.污点　D.现场
A
C
B
D
短语
hot spot 热点
on the spot 在现场；立刻，当场
a spot of 少许；少量
in a spot 陷入麻烦
③ spot n. & v.
活用 单项填空
The tomato juice left a brown ______ on the front of
my jacket.
A. track B. trace C. spot D. point
解析　track行踪，小径，轨道；trace踪迹，足迹，痕迹；spot斑点，污点，地点；point点，尖。根据语境：番茄汁在我的夹克前留下了褐色的斑点。
③ spot n. & v.
C
④ account n. & vt.
根据语境猜词义
(1) Recent pressure may account for his behavior.
(2) I paid money into my account this morning.
根据语义找匹配
A. 客户　
B. 说明(的原因)
B
A
短语
on account of 由于　　
on no account 绝不；绝无理由 (在句首需倒装)
give a full account of 对……进行详细的说明
take account of ＝ take…into account 考虑到
account for 解释，说明(……的原因)
④ account n. & vt. ( to see p67 no.3)
活用 单项填空
______ should any money be given to a small child.
A. On no account B. From all accounts
C. Of no account D. By all accounts
解析　考查名词词组。 on no account决不可以；from all accounts和by all accounts均意为“根据各种说法”；of no account不重要，通常作表语或定语。
④ account n. & vt.
A
⑤ patience n. 耐心；忍耐力
After waiting for half an hour, he was beginning to lose patience.
在等了半个小时以后，他开始丧失信心。
链接
patient adj. 耐心的 n. 病人
patiently adv. 有耐心地
短语
be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心
with patience 耐心地
have no patience with… 对……忍无可忍
lose patience 丧失信心
⑤ patience n. 耐心；忍耐力 ( to see p68 no.5)
活用 根据语境，用patient的正确形式填空
The doctor explained to the (1)______ with (2)______ “Take your time. I am (3)______ with you. You have to wait (4)______．”
(1)patient名词 “病人”；(2) patience 名词 “耐心”；(3) patient 形容词 “耐心的”；(4) patiently副词 “耐心地”。本题的语义是：医生耐心地给病人解释，慢慢来，我对你是有耐心的。你得要耐心等待。
⑤ patience n. 耐心；忍耐力
patient
patience
patient
patiently
⑥compare v.
根据语境猜词义
(1) If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite amazing how different they are.
(2) Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved.
(3) The rides at the fair just can't compare with the rides at Disneyland.
(4) Poets have compared sleep to death.
根据语义找匹配
A. 把……与……比较　B. 把……比作……　
C. 比较　D. 和某人 / 某事相比或值得相比
C
A
D
B
⑥compare v.
短语
compare A with B/compare A and B
把 A 与 B 比较
compare A to B 把A比作B
compare with sb. / sth.
和某人、某事相比或值得相比
beyond compare 无可比拟；举世无双
活用 单项填空
(1) When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
⑥compare v.
C
解析 其语义是：在比较不同的文化时，我们经常仅仅注意它们之间的不同之处而忽略了许多相似之处。依据“连接词＋分词”结构中的分词选择原则，我们只需考虑分词与主语的逻辑关系。主动，用v.­ing形式；被动，用v.­ed形式。“我们”和“比较”是主动关系，所以答案是C。
⑥compare v.
活用 单项填空
(2) ______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
解析 其语义是：与整个地球面积相比，最大的海洋似乎一点都不大了。依据“连接词＋分词”结构中的分词选择原则，排除B、C；又由于是状语，不能用祈使句，排除A，所以答案是D。
D
⑦ seek (sought, sought) v.
根据语境猜词义
(1)You should seek advice from your lawyer on
this matter.
(2)They were seeking employment.
(3)He sought opportunities of doing her little service.
(4)We sought to change his mind.
(5)I have never sought to hide my view.
(6)The compass pointer always seeks the north.
根据语义找匹配
A. 指向　 B. 寻求 vt.　C. 设法得到 vt.　
D. 征求 vt.　E. 企图　 F. 设法(跟不定式)
D
B
C
F
E
A
⑦ seek (sought, sought) v.( to see p67 no.4)
短语
seek one's fortune　谋求出路/机会； 寻求发财之道
play hide and seek 捉迷藏
not far to seek 不难找到
seek after 寻找；设法得到
seek for 找寻；寻求
seek to do sth. 寻找某物或找到某物
seek sth from sb. (向某人)请求、寻求某物
⑦ seek (sought, sought) v.
活用 汉译英
(1)他们想一起追求幸福。

(2)我们正设法提高我们的英语水平。
We are seeking to improve our English.
They want to seek for /after happiness together.
①bring up
根据语境猜词义
(1) He will be brought up by the government after his parent has been killed in the earthquake.
(2) If you have any suggestion about the project, please bring it up at the next meeting.
(3) Click with the right mouse button to bring up a new menu.
根据语义找匹配
A. 调出　B. 抚养　C. 提出
B
C
A
短语
bring about 导致，引起，造成
bring back 归还，恢复，使想起
bring forward 提出
bring in 带进来，赚得，引进
bring out 拿出，说出，阐明，使(思想)转变
①bring up ( to see p68 no.6)
解析　本句话的语义是：互联网给我们的工作方式带来了一些大的变化。
活用 单项填空
(1) The Internet has brought ______ big changes in the way we work.
A. about B. out
C. back D. up
①bring up
A
解析　本句话的语义是：你能造个句子说明这个短语的语义吗？show off 炫耀，张扬；turn out证明，生产，出版，结果是，造就；bring out拿出，说出，阐明；take in 吸收，蒙骗，所以答案是C。
(2) Can you make a sentence to ______ the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off B. turn out
C. bring out D. take in
①bring up
活用 单项填空
C
② as for
“至于；关于；说道”，用来引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题。
(1)As for me, I would not return there either.
至于我，我也不会回到那的。
(2)As for being shy, you'll get over that.
至于害羞，你会克服的。
链接
as to 至于；关于；按照；根据
② as for
活用 单项填空
______ the cost, that will be very little.
A. As for B. With
C. Because of D. Besides
解析 “至于”费用，那是微不足道的。
A
①his eyes stare at what is left of the brother's dinner on table(P18)
他的眼睛盯着兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜
你知道句中的at what为什么不用at which吗？
问题的关键是要搞清楚是介词的宾语从句还
是定语从句。如果是介词的宾语从句，它所构成
的是“介词＋连接词”；如果是定语从句，它所
构成的是“介词＋关系代词”。
其前没有名词或代词时，它只可能是“介词＋
连接词”所构成的宾语从句。其前有名词或代词时，
我们可以把这个名词放到介词后，再把它代入到从
句中，看看是否成立，成立就是定语从句，指人，
用whom；指物，就用which，如：
e.g. You have written a perfect composition except that there are some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误以外，你的作文是无可挑
剔的。
(无法把composition放到介词except后，所
以是宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，也没有
语义的丢失。)
I will go to the farm on which I will work with
the farmers for two years.
我要去农场，在那儿我要和农民们一起劳动两
年。
(the farm可以放入到介词on后，再代入从句中，可以放在地点状语的位置，所以是定语从句，指物，用which。)
活用 用恰当的连接词或关系词填空
(1) I often go out for a walk after dinner every day except ______ it was raining.
(2) I'll never forget the days in ______ we worked together.
when
which
②The old bridge isn't strong enough to allow the
passage of heavy vehicles. (P20)
这座古桥不够结实不允许重型车辆通过。
本句含有not…enough to do sth.句式，表达
“不够……而不能……”的语义。有时还可以用
“not…enough for…”表达。
The kid is not old enough to go to school.
这个小孩年龄不够大而不能上学。
温馨提示
在形成can't / never…enough句式时，我们要特
别注意对它的语义理解。它所表达的意思是：“怎
么样都不为过”或“越……越好”。
One can't be careful enough.
一个人怎么小心都不为过。(越认真越好。)
③ …it is well－known that Americans like to eat a
lot.
……众所周知美国人就喜欢大吃大喝。
这是It is ＋ v．-ed ＋ that…所构成的主语从句句式。it是形式主语，that-clause是真正的主语。由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻现象而采取的修辞手段。it只能用it，不能用其他代词；that不可省略，也不是固定不变的，它要依据从句中缺少的句子成分加以变化。
It is known that he is the top student in our class.
众所周知他是我们班出类拔萃的学生。
It is unknown what he is murmuring.
没人知道他嘟哝着什么。
It's suggested that the meeting (should) be put off on
account of the heavy rain.
有人建议由于这场大雨而推迟会议。
短语
It is said that… 据说……
It is reported that… 据报道……
It is announced that… 据宣称……
It is suggested that… 有人建议…… [注意从句要
用虚拟语气，其形式是(should) do sth.]
温馨提示
要注意另外的两个相似句式：
As is ＋ v.-ed, …
What is ＋ v.-ed is that…
As is reported