My dream is earn a lot of money.
Proof of composition(作文改错)
改为：
My dream is earning a lot of money.
My dream is to earn a lot of money
Unit2 Grammar
The -ing form as the Subject and Object
动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语
我们常说的现在分词和动名词是怎么回事？
现在分词和动名词都是由动词末尾加 -ing 形式构
成，因此统称为动词的 -ing 形式。
V+-ing

千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！
不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。现在分词还有时态和语态的变化。
时 态 和 语 态
作主语：动名词

Teaching is my full-time job.
Writing an English composition is not easy.
It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.
动名词作主语的形式主语句型
1.It is no use /good doing….
2.It is not any use/good doing….
3.It is worthwhile doing….
4.It is hardly worth doing….
5.There is no doing….
6.It’s a waste of time doing….

eg.It’s no good telling her all the truth.
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.
There is no talking what will happen.
It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
It is worthwhile trying this experiment.
动名词和不定式作主语的区别：
动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；
不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。

eg. Playing with fire is dangerous.

To play with fire will be dangerous.

Smoking is prohibited here.

To smoke so much isn’t good for you.
作表语
（1）动名词
My job is teaching.
= Teaching is my job.
Her full-time job is laying eggs.
=Laying eggs is her full-time job.
（2）现在分词
The play is exciting.
≠ Exciting is the play.
The story he told us was very interesting.
≠Interesting was the story he told us.
动名词与现在分词作表语的区别:
动名词作表语说明主语的内容,回答what 或doing what的问题.
现在分词作主语说明主语的性质特征,回答how的问题.
eg. The film is very interesting. ( How is the film ? )
His job is teaching. ( What is his job ? )
动名词和不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为；
不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.
eg. My favourite hobby is jogging.

His idea is to give up the plan.
现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行.
eg. He is cleaning the window.
作宾语：动名词
I have just finished doing my home work.
I suggested asking his brother for some money.
He keeps buying expensive maps.
He is fond of playing football.
一.只接动名词作宾语的常见
动词(短语)有:
dislike, avoid, consider, finish, suggest,
deny, imagine,risk, mind, keep, miss,
enjoy, fancy,admit,delay,appreciate,
practise, escape,can’t help, can’t stand,
give up,put off, feel like, succeed in,等
太多了，怎么记呀？
Mrs Black missed a beef bag.
二.某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别
1) remember to do 记住要做某事
remember doing 记得过去做过某事
我记得在街上见过他。
I remember meeting him in the street.
我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
I remember to write a letter to my parents.
2)forget to do 忘记去做某事
forget doing 忘记做过某事
我忘了去为她寄那封信了.
I forgot to mail the letter for her.
我忘记了写过那篇作文.
I forgot writing that composition.
3) stop doing 停止 做某事
stop to do 停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事
请不要抽烟
Stop smoking, please.
咱们停下来休息一下吧。
Let's stop to have a rest.
4) mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
我打算赶上早班车.
这意味着花很多钱.
5) try to do 设法尽力做某事
try doing 试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
你设法尽力克服你的缺点.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.
6)regret to do 对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾
regret doing 对已做过的事表示后悔
我后悔花了那么多钱.
我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.
I regret spending so much money.
I regret to tell you have failed the college entrance exam.
三.allow,advise, forbid, permit + doing
allow,advise,forbid,permit +sb. +to do

eg. We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.

四.need, require, want + doing (主动形式表被动意义)
to be done
eg. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning.
to be cleaned.

五.add to, look forward to, lead to, pay attention to,
stick to, devote oneself to, object to, get down to,
get / be used to + doing

六. love, like, prefer, hate, + doing 表示一般倾向性.
to do表示一次具体动作
eg. I like chatting on the Internet.
I like to go to the cinema tonight.
七. begin, start, continue + doing / to do 区别不大.
如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing.
eg. She starts making preparations at eight every day.
I was beginning to get worried.
She began to understand what they really wanted.
The meat began to give off a bad smell.
八. Should / would like / love + to do
eg.The little child would love to be taken to the zoo.
作宾语补足语：现在分词
I heard the girl singing in the classroom.
I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.
The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些，看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住：
make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、feel。

“三让,三看,两听,注意感觉”。
现在分词与不定式作宾语补足语的区别:
现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行.
不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程.

I saw the girl getting on the tractor.
我看见那个女孩正在上拖拉机.
I saw the girl get on the tractor and drive off.
我看见那个女孩上了拖拉机, 然后把车开走了.

I smell something ___ on the kitchen. Can I call
you back in a minute ?
A. burning B. burnt
C. being burnt D. to be burnt
A
⑴动名词作定语表示性质或用途。通常放在它所修饰的词之前.
a washing machine
＝ a machine for washing
a swimming pool
＝ a pool for swimming
This is a new washing machine.
作定语
⑵现在分词作定语表示动作。
如果是单个分词，放在被修饰的名词前；
如果是现在分词短语,就放在被修饰的名词之后,相当于定语从句.
a developing country ＝ a country which is developing
a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping
China is a developing country.
The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.
The man who was talking with my father is…
作定语
不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上
不定式作定语通常指将来的动作.
现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行.

eg. He has two letters to write.
Do you know the man sitting at the desk ?

He is a student at Oxford University,_____ for
a degree in computer science.
A. studied B. studying
C. to have studied D. to be studying
B
作 状 语
现在分词作状语。表时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随（方式）等。
Hearing the cry for help, he rushed out.（时间）
Being ill, he went home. （原因）
European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET 98)（结果）
He read a magazine waiting for the bus.（伴随）
Seeing from the hill, you can get the whole town.(条件）
现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语,分词的
逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致.
Working hard, you will succeed.
Being ill, she stayed at home.
Having failed many times, he didn’t lose his heart.
Please answer the question using another way.
Yesterday, I called you ,____ you some
information on computer.
A.asked B. asking C. and ask D. to ask
2.While building a tunnel through the mountain,__.
A. an under gtound lake was discovered
B. there was an undergtound lake discovered
C. a lake was dscovered underground
D. the workers discovered an underground lake
B
D
现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别:
现在分词作结果状语,一般表示显而易见的结果.
不定式作结果状语表示预想不到的结果.这两种结
构常位于句末,用逗号与句子分开.

eg. I hurried to the office, only to find it was closed.
European football is played in 80 countries,
making it the most popular sport in the world.
现在分词作状语要记住:现在分词作状语,分词的
逻辑主语要与句子的主语一致.但是当分词的逻辑
主语与主句的主语不同时,分词必须有自己的主语.
eg. Weather permitting, we’ll go to the Great wall.

The shower being over, we continued to march.

The guest having left, he began to take a short

rest.
Miss Gao falling ill, Mr Wang took her class instead.
记住常见的非谓语固定用语
1）judging by/ from 根据……判断
Judging from his accent, he is from Hubei.
generally / strickly / broadly speaking
一般/ 严格/广义 说来
Generally speaking, the most important news
is on the front page.
3)Taking everything into account 把一切都考虑在内
Taking everything into account, his decision is
not so bad.
4) talking of 谈到，说道
Talking of the football match, which side won ?
5) not counting 不把……计算在内
There are only 8 apples left in the basket,
not counting the spoilt ones.
6) Considering 考虑到
Considering the bad weather,the sports meet was delayed.
时 态 和 语 态
如果分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作
同时进行，就用一般式。

eg. Hearing the news, she jumped with joy.
They left the room talking and laughing.

如果分词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作
之前已经完成，就用完成式。

eg. Having finished my work, I took a rest.
Having studied in the university for 3 years,
he knows the place very well.
当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用
被动语态，如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，
就用分词完成式的被动形式。同时进行就用分词
一般式的被动形式。

eg. That building being repaired is our building.
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.

Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see
the library.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming
gave up smokjng .
V + -ing 形式用法归纳
现
在 1、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）
分 2、作状语 ( 与不定式的区别 )
词 3、作表语 (与动名词的区别）
4、作定语（与动名词的区别）

1、作主语 (与不定式的区别)
动 2、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词）
名 3、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）
词 4、作定语（与现在分词的区别）
V + -ing 形式用法归纳
1、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词）
2、作状语 ( 与不定式的区别 )
3、作表语 (与动名词的区别）
4、作定语（与动名词的区别）
1、作主语 (与不定式的区别)
动 2、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的词）
名 3、作表语 (与现在分词的区别）
词 4、作定语（与现在分词的区别）
现在分词
Practice
The old farmer________ the badly-injured and
wounded soldier, came out of the burning house,
________for help.
supporting; calling         　B. supported by; called
C. being supported by; called 
D. being supporting; called
2. The brave man died, ________ his young wife nothing but a broken cottage. A. left;    B. leaving; C. left;   D. to leave;
A
B
4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing
in the exam.  A. Having been worked         B. Not to have worked  C. Having never worked        D. Never have worked 5.____the exam, the boy was punished by his father.  A. No passing                　　B. Having passed  C. Not passing                     D. Not having passed
6. Time________, I can have done it better. A. permit  B. be permitted  C. permitting  D. to permit 7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.  A. Since the key has lost    B. The key been lost  C. Lost the key                   D. Having lost the key
C
D
C
D
8. ___into many languages, the story is well known
all over the world now. A. Being translated           B. Having translated C. To be translated            D. Having been translated
9. ___for the te