Section Ⅳ　Grammar & Writing
动词­ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
一、动词­ing形式作表语
1．表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语常可互换位置。
My hobby is collecting stamps.我的爱好是集邮。
(＝Collecting stamps is my hobby.集邮是我的爱好。)
Her duty is taking care of the babies.
(＝Taking care of the babies is her duty.)
照看婴儿是她的职责。
2．表示主语的某种性质和特征，这时通常可以看做形容词。
The story she told us was very interesting.
她给我们讲的这个故事很有趣。
The film we saw last night was very moving.
我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。
注意：作表语用的动词­ing形式，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing(这类分词表示“令人……的”的含义)。
二、动词­ing形式作定语
1．表示名词的属性或作用及用途。
We are not allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.
阅览室里不准我们大声说话。
Is there a reading room in your school?
你们学校有个阅览室吗？
2．表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。
注意：当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。
The boy studying in the classroom is our monitor.
在教室学习的男孩是我们的班长。
We’ll have an exam in the coming week.
下周我们将进行一次考试。
三、动词­ing形式作宾语补足语
动词­ing形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两 类动词后作宾语补足语。
1．感官动词，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，listen to，look at，notice，observe等。
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然我们听见有人在轻轻敲窗户。
I noticed a stranger sliding into the manager’s office.
我注意到一个陌生人正溜进经理办公室。
注意：在see，hear，feel，watch等感官动词后，既可用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。用动词­ing形式时，表示动作正在进行，用省略to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。
I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行)
我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。
I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了)
我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。
2．使役动词，如have，set，keep，leave，get等。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
对不起，让你久等了。
The joke set her crying.
这个玩笑使她哭起来。
Can you get my watch going again?
你能使我的表再运转起来吗？
Ⅰ.完成句子
1．It’s really ________ ________ ________(有说服力的演讲)．(convince)
答案：a convincing speech
2．He left ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(留下小儿子在家哭)．(cry)
答案：with his little son crying at home
3．I ________ ________ ________(感到难以置信)that you didn’t like it.(astonish)
答案：find it astonishing
4．I won’t have you ________ ________ ________ ________(在房间里跑来跑去)．(run)
答案：running around the room
5．We heard the children ________ ________(在楼上叫喊)．(shout)
答案：shouting upstairs
6．My job is ________ ________ ________(教你们英语)．(teach)
答案：teaching you English
7．The man _________ _________ _________ _________(正与老师谈话的)is our monitor’s father.(speak)
答案：speaking to the teacher
8．There is ________ ________ ________(一个游泳池)in our school.(swim)
答案：a swimming pool
9．________ ________ ________(正在睡觉的女孩)is his daughter.(sleep)
答案：The sleeping girl
10．The man _________ _________ _________ _________(给我们作演讲的)last week left for Shenzhen this morning.(give)
答案：giving us a lecture
Ⅱ.单项填空
1．(2012江西高考)John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ______ him it.
A．offered　　　　　　　　 B．offering
C．to offer D．to be offered
解析：考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：约翰的确得到了这份工作，因为他给我看了提供他工作的正式信函。the official letter与offer为逻辑上的主动关系，故排除A、D两项；不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，不符合句意，故排除。
答案：B
2．(2012辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them.
A．to follow B．following
C．followed D．follows
解析：考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。首先排除D项。在with复合结构中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语their pet dog与follow是主动关系，排除C项。A项不定式常表示将要发生的事情，不符合题意。
答案：B
3．(2012四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A．to wind B．wind
C．winding D．wound
解析：考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：我抬起头，看到一条蛇为了捕食早餐，正在蜿蜒着向树上爬行。notice后接不带to的不定式结构作宾语补足语，故排除A项；D项为动词的过去分词形式，不符合题意，可排除；省去to的不定式结构作notice的宾补，表示动作的全过程；现在分词结构作notice的宾补表示动作正在发生。根据语境可知选C项。
答案：C
4．I’m really tired ______Jim.I won’t have him always ______ a trick on others.
A．of；made B．of；playing
C．with；play D．with；playing
解析：考查介词和非谓语动词。句意：我真的很厌烦吉姆。我不能容忍他总是取笑别人。be tired of“感到厌烦”；have sb.doing此处意为“容忍某人做某事”。
答案：B
【规律总结】have sb.doing有两层意思：
①让某人一直做某事
I have him waiting outside.我一直让他在外边等着。
②容忍某人做某事
I can’t have him saying like that.
我不能容忍他那样说。
5．(2012长沙高一检测)Before becoming a pilot，he spent quite a long time ______.
A．to be trained B．being trained
C．training D．to train
解析：spend time(in)doing sth.“花费时间干某事”，根据 句意，“他”是被培训，故用being trained。
答案：B
6．The book ______ on the desk ______ to her.
A．lying；belonging B．lay；belong
C．lying；belongs D．being lie；is belong
解析：lying on the desk为现在分词短语作定语，与所修饰名词the book存在逻辑上的主谓关系；belong to用作谓语动词，无进行时态。
答案：C
7．—Why did you go back to the shop?
—I left my friend ______ there.
A．waiting B．to wait
C．wait D．waits
解析：leave sb.doing sth.“使/让某人做某事”。waiting作宾语补足语，与宾语my friend存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
答案：A
8．Many rules in English are ______，and large numbers of students feel ______ them.
A．confused；puzzled with
B．confusing；puzzled about
C．confused；puzzling with
D．confusing；puzzling about
解析：考查形容词。句意：很多英语的规则令人迷惑，很多学生感到很困惑。confusing作表语，意为“令人 迷惑的”；puzzle about意为“对……感到困惑”。
答案：B
9．The General Manager suggests those found ______ in the office would be fired immediately.
A．smoke B．to smoke
C．smoking D．smoked
解析：考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：总经理建议那些被发现在办公室吸烟的人将被立即解雇。find sb.doing“发现某人正做某事”。smoking作宾语补足语。
答案：C
10．Who did you see ______ in the middle of the front row make that much noise?
A．seating B．sitting
C．sit D．seat
解析：sitting in the middle of the front row为现在分词短语作宾语补足语，与宾语who存在逻辑上的主谓关系，seat与宾语who存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用seated，故选B项。
答案：B
11．(2012太原高一检测)—Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry，with so much work ______ my mind，I almost break down.
A．filled B．filling
C．to fill D．being filled
解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意“由于我的头脑中充满了太多的工作，我几乎崩溃了”可知，工作正充满着我的头脑，故用现在分词filling。
答案：B
12．(2012绵阳高一检测)Zhai Zhigang，of whom we are proud，is the first Chinese astronaut ______ in space.
A．to walk B．walked
C．walking D．having walked
解析：句意：我们感到自豪，翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国宇航员。名词前有the first，the last，the only等词修饰时，其后置定语常用不定式，不用动名词。
答案：A
13．______，all of you have grown into big boys or big girls.
A．As time going by　　　 B．As time past
C．With time going by D．With time passed
解析：考查with复合结构。现在分词短语going by作宾语补足语，与宾语time存在逻辑上的主谓关系。as为连词，引导时间状语从句。
答案：C
14．(2012唐山高一检测)He tried his best to save the ______ boy，but the boy was ______ finally.
A．drown；drowning B．drowning；drown
C．drowned；drowning D．drowning；drowned
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他努力救这个快要淹死的男孩，但最终这个男孩被淹死了。drowning现在 分词作定语，意为“快要淹死的”；drowned过去分词，表被动，意为“被淹死”。
答案：D
15．The bell ______ the end of the period rang，______ our heated discussion.
A．indicating；interrupting
B．indicated；interrupting
C．indicating；interrupted
D．indicated；interrupted
解析：现在分词短语indicating the end of the period作后置定语，与所修饰名词the bell存在逻辑上的主谓关系；interrupting our heated discussion作结果状语，与句子的主语the bell存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示自然而然的结果。
答案：A
如何写故事性短文
【写作指导】
故事性短文属于记叙文文体。这种文体相对来说常见易写。不过在写作过程中一些技巧需要同学们灵活地掌握和运用：
1．要把握住记叙文的六个要素，即时间(when)，地点(where)，人物(who)，事件(what)，原因(why)和过程(how)。把握好这六个要素，写故事性记叙文就成功了 一半。
2．要把握故事性记叙文的结构。在文章开头要交代故事发生的时间、地点和人物，然后写事件的原因及发展过程，最后写结果，同时在结尾处要尽量自然，点明文章主题。并且要有一条线索贯穿全文，使整个文章融为一体。
3．要把握好人称。在写此类文章时通常用第一人称或第三人称。
4．要注意时态的运用。在故事写作过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加形象生动。
5．要润色简单句，增加过渡性词汇，使文章前后通顺自然，成为一个有机整体。
【万能句式】
1．long long ago，long ago，once upon a time，many years ago，one day，one afternoon/morning/evening
2．There was/were...
3．sb.be fond of.../like/love...very much
4．...known as.../named.../called.../whose name was.../with the name of...
5．When he heard.../On hearing.../As soon as he heard.../When the news reached...
6．When he saw this.../At the sight of.../Seeing this...
7．He was doing...when.../He was about to do...when.../He had done...when...
8．then，suddenly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not until...
【白金模板】
________ is memorable because ________ had a meaningful experience on that day.In the morning，we ________ .Upon arrival，we began to ________.Some were ________.Others were ________.After getting the work done，we ________.Before leaving，we ________.Seeing ________，we ____________.We feel it’s our duty to ________.
某英文刊物“成语介绍”专栏现在面向高中生征稿，请参照以下故事大意写一篇英语短文，讲述《画蛇添足》的故事，向该刊投稿。
从前，有三个人得到一壶酒。他们决定在地上画蛇，先画好的人就喝这壶酒。有一个先画好了，拿起酒准备喝，见另两人还未画完，就说：“我还能给蛇添上脚呢。”但脚未画完，另一人就已经把蛇画好了，说：“蛇本来没有脚，你怎么能给它添脚呢？酒该由我喝了！”
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【写作要点】
1．从前，有三个人得到一壶酒，但不够三个人喝的，他们都想独自喝了。
①一壶酒_____________________________________
②独自喝_____________________________________
答案：①a bottle of wine　②drink alone
2．然后他们同意在地上画蛇，先画好的人就喝这壶酒。
①在地上画蛇______________________________
②先画好的那个人_______________________________
答案：①draw a snake on the ground
②the one who first finished drawing
3．我甚至能在你们画完前给蛇添上足。
把……加到……上__________________________
答案：add...to...
4．说完，他把酒喝光了。
①说完这些话__________________________________
②喝光__________________________________________
答案：①with these words　②drink up
【连句成篇】
One possible version：
Long long ago three men got a bottle of wine，but the wine was not enough for them three and each of them wanted to drink the wine alone.Then they all agreed_that they each would draw a snake on the ground，and the_one_who_first_finished_drawing_would be given the wine.So they began to draw on the ground with sticks.
It was not long before one of them finished drawing his snake.He found the other two were still busy with their drawings.“How slow you are！”he said，“I can even add feet to my snake before you finish yours.”He put down the bottle and began to add feet to his snake.
But before he finished，another man took hold of the bottle and said，“I’ve finished.Snakes have no feet，so yours is not a snake.”With these words he drank up the wine.