Unit 1 Great Scientists
Reading
Who is he? What is his achievement?
A great scientist
Father of Hybrid Rice
The man who puts an end to hunger
Alexander Bell electricity
Thomas Edison the First telephone
Wright Brothers the electric Lamp
Madame Curie black holes in Universe
Franklin Theory of Gravity
Steven Hawking the First Plane
Elbert Einstein Radium
Isaac Newton the Theory of Relativity
Scientists & Contributions:
Archimedes
(阿基米德)
Warming up:
1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
Ancient Greek
(287-212BC)
A mathematician
Charles Darwin
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
the Origin of Species
Warming up:
“father of modern biology”
3. Who invented the first steam engine?
Thomas Newcomen, British (1663--1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s
Thomas Newcomen
Warming up:
Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822- 1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity(遗传学) and inherited (继承,承传) characteristics. Between1856-- 1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants.
Gregor Mendel
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
Warming up:
Marie Curie
Warming up:
5. Who discovered radium?
6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody I large cities?
Thomas Edison
Leonardo da Vinci
7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
Warming up:
Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778- 1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous(含氮的) oxide(氧化物) (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic(麻醉剂). In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.
Humphry Davy
8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
Warming up:
Zhang Heng, Chinese (78- 139) He invented the first seismograph(测震 仪、地震仪) to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder(圆筒形) with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth.
9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
Warming up:
seismograph
Stephen Hawking, British (1942--) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well.
10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?
Warming up:
Pre-reading:
infectious diseases :
They can be spread to other people.
They have an unknown cause.
They are difficult to cure.
They need public health care to solve them.
Pre-reading:
Skimming::
Who was the great scientist in the passage and what was the deadly disease of its day?
John Snow
cholera
Careful Reading:
John Snow was an doctor in London who Queen Victoria as her personal . He thought about helping ordinary people to cholera. Though the cause and the of it were unknown, he wanted to face
the and solve the problem.
para.1
expert
attended
physician
exposed
cure
challenge
Careful Reading:
What were the two theories about the cause of cholera?

Which did John Snow want to prove?

What was his method of doing the research?
…multiplied… …victims…
…absorb…
The second one.
To gather information in two particular streets.
para.2&3
Careful Reading:
para.4
What did he do with the results of his enquiry?
What valuable clue did he get about the cause of the disease?
What might be the cause?
Marked on a map…
Many of the deaths…
…had no deaths.
It seemed that the water was to blame for cholera.
A map of Broad Street
What method did he use?
Broad Street
Many deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
The water from the pump was to blame.
Public house
Paragraphs 3+4
Careful Reading:
para.5
Why did he tell people to remove the handle from the pump?
What happened after the handle was removed?
So that …
…slowed down
Careful Reading:

para.6&7
Where did the woman live and what did she had delivered to her house every day?
What did their deaths suggest?
What measures did John Snow take to prevent the disease from spreading?
Away from Broad Street
Water from the pump
The polluted water carried the virus
..suggested that…be examined
…were instructed not to expose…to…
Careful Reading
Finish the chart
Find a problem

2. Make a question

3. Think of a method

4. Collect results
5. Analyse result

6. Find supporting
evidence

7. Draw a conclusion
---------What causes cholera?
--------Which theory is correct?
--------Gather information when another
outbreak hit London in 1854
----------Make a map to find out where
people died or did not died
----------Look into the source of water
and analyse the water
--------- Find supporting evidence from
two other deaths
---------The polluted water carried
the virus
What should we pay attention to in our daily
life in order not to get infected with all these
infectious diseases?

Heat the food left overnight
Cook raw food thoroughly
Wash hands often
Keep away from flies
choose fresh sea food
Keep the kitchen clean
Dispose rubbish properly.
Drink boiled water
Discussion
Read the text and learn the new words by heart
Find more information about cholera and John Snow on the Internet.
Homework: