语法专题
倒装句
英语的一般语序是主语+谓语，如果把谓语的全部或是一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为倒装。 倒装有两种形式：谓语全部放在主语之前叫完全倒装；只将助动词、情态动词、系动词提前叫部分倒装。
熟 读 深 思
观察句子，说出他们是哪种情况下的倒装。 (1) Here comes the bus.
(2) In she came .
(3) South of the river lies a small factory.
(4) Such are the facts.
(5)There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.
(6)Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.
归 纳 总 结
规则1：表方位的副词　here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off等放在句首，而主语是名词时，句子则完全倒装，如：(1)。但是，当主语是人称代词时，主谓语序不变，如：(2)。 　　
规则2：地点状语位于句首时，为了避免头重脚轻，常将谓语置于主语之前，进行完全倒装，如：(3)。
归 纳 总 结
规则3：为了使上下文联系紧密，常将such, the following 放于句首，而句子的谓语动词置于主语　之前进行完全倒装，如：(4)。
规则4：there be句型中，用完全倒装。此时，结构中的be可用lie/exist / stand / live / seem 等动词替代，如：(5)。
规则5：有时为了突出或强调主语，可用“表语＋系动词＋主语”的完全倒装结构，如：(6)
熟 读 深 思
观察句子，说出他们是哪种情况下的倒装
(1) By no means can he catch up in such a short time.
(2) He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.
(4) Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.
(5) Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.
熟 读 深 思
(6) Neither did I want to see the film nor did I buy the ticket.
(7) Only in this way can you learn English well.
(8) Were I there, they would listen to me.
(9) Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.
(10)Not only does he like English, but also he learns it well.
规则1：含有否定意义的副词或短语，如：few, little, never, not, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcely…when…， no sooner…(than)…， not only…(but also), at no time, by no means等，放在句首时，句子须部分倒装，如：(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)
【特别提醒】
若原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do, does 或did，如：(2)。
④not until提前时，必须同时将until后面的全部内容提前，如：(5)。
归 纳 总 结
规则2：so/as/neither/nor 位于句首,连接两种相同的情况时，所连接的并列分句需用部分倒装。
规则3：“only ＋ 副词/介词短语/状语从句　” 放在句首时，句子须用部分倒装，如：(7)。 规则4：在虚拟语气条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if 省略，而把 were, had, should 移到句首，如：(8)。
规则5：在 “so…that” 和 “such…that”结构中，将“so＋adj.”和“such＋n.”提到句首时，句子须用部分倒装，如：(9)。
归 纳 总 结
句子的一部分成分(通常是表语或状语)提前，但主谓语序不变。
1、 否定词no matter连接的让步状语从句的句式
“No matter how / wh­＋ … ＋主语＋ 谓语”，如 No matter how late it is, she often waits for him.
2. how和what引起的感叹句
(1) How ＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语，如：How blue the sky looks!
(2) What ＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语，如：What a clever boy he is!
强调几点
3、As让步状语从句（as可用though代替）Child as he is, he knows a lot.Good as he is, he will never be top of his class.Hard as works, he makes little progress.Try he might, he could not find a job.
Exercises:
1.Not until all the fish died in the river_____ how
serious the pollution was.
A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realize
C.the villagers did realize
D.didn’t the villagers realize
2.It was not until 1920____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A.while B.which C.that D.since
3.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life_____ so happy.
A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt
4. — Why can't I smoke here?
— At no time _______ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted　　
B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted　
D. does smoking permit
5.No sooner _______ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began　 B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin　D. had the game begun
6. — Do you know Tom bought a new car?
— I don't know, _______.
A. nor don't I care　 B. nor do I care　
C. I don't care neither　 D. I don't care also
7._____ can you expect to get a pay rise.
A.With hard work B.Although work hard
C.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard
8.Now____ Sally’s turn to keep guard.
A.there is B.is going C.has come D.comes
9.Not only_____ polluted but_____ crowded.
A.was the city; were the streets
B.the city was; were the streets
C.was the city; the streets were
D.the city was; the streets were
10.So___ that no fish can live in it.
A.the lake is shallow B.shallow the lake is
C.shallow is the lake D.is the lake shallow
11.Little_____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.
A.does he care B.did he care
C.he cares D.he cared
12.Was it in 1969_____ the American astronaut succeeded ____ landing on the moon.
A.when; on B.that; on C.when; in D.that; in
13.______ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A.If it is not B.Were it not
C.Had it not been D.If they were not
14.---David has made great progress recently.
---_____, and______ .
A.So he has; so you have B.So he has; so have you
C.So has he; so have you D.So has he; so you have
15.Here ____the good news for every man and every woman who ____in the town.
A. is ; live B. is; lives
C. are; live D. are; lives
Homework:
1. Review Version
2. Finish English weekly