Unit 1 Great scientists 伟大的科学家
Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. _______ (vt. ) 打败；战胜；使受挫
(n. ) 失败
2. _______ (vt. ) 照顾；护理；出席；参加
3. _______ (vt. ) 暴露；揭露；使曝光
defeat
attend
expose
4. _____ (n. ) 治愈；痊愈
(vt. ) 治愈；治疗
5. __________ (n. ) 挑战
(vt. ) 向……挑战
6. ________ (vt. ) 吸收；吸引；使专心
7. ________ (vt. ) 认为; 怀疑
(n. ) 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
cure
challenge
absorb
suspect
8. ______ (vt. ) 责备；谴责
(n. ) 过失；责备
9. _______ (n. ) 柄；把手
(vt. ) 处理；操纵
10. _____ (vt. & n. ) 连接；联系
11. _____ (vi. &vt. ) (使)旋转；纺（线或纱）
blame
handle
link
spin
12. _________ (vt. &vi. )结束；推断出→___________ (n. ) 结论；结束
13. _______ (vt. ) 污染；弄脏→ _________ (n. )污染
14. __________ (vt. ) 宣布；通告→ ______________ (n. )通知；宣告
15. ________ (vt. )命令；指示；教导→__________ (n. )教授；传授→ ___________ (n. )用法；说明；操作指南
conclude
conclusion
pollute
pollution
announce
announcement
instruct
instruction
instructions
16. _________ (vt. ) 建设；修建→ ____________ (n. ) 建设；建筑物
17. __________ (vt. &vi. )捐献；贡献；捐助→ ___________(n. )贡献
18. _______ (vt. ) 拒绝；不接受；抛弃→ _________ (n. ) 拒绝；抛弃
construct
construction
contribute
contribution
reject
rejection
【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①It was ___________ that he didn’t tell us the truth. I came to the __________ that he was lying. (conclude)
②The writer personally ___________￡5, 000 to the earthquake fund. All the ____________ will be gratefully received. (contribute)
concluded
conclusion
contributed
contributions
Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 提出 _____________
2. 得出结论 ____________________________________
3. 使显露；暴露 ___________
4. 将……和……联系或连接起来 ___________
5. 除……之外；此外 _____________
6. 对……严格的 _________________
put forward
draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion
expose. . . to
link. . . to. . .
apart from
(be) strict with. . .
7. 讲得通；有意义 ____________
8. 应受谴责，应负责任 ___________
9. 通向，导致 _________
10. 调查 _________
11. 有助于；促成 _____________
12. 治愈某人的疾病 ________________
make sense
be to blame
lead to
look into
contribute to
cure sb. of illness
Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. ________（既不）its cause _____（也不）its cure was understood.
2. So many thousands of terrified people died ___________（每次，每当）there was an outbreak.
3. ____________（为防止） this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies ___ __________（经过检测）.
Neither
nor
every time
To prevent
be
examined
4. ________（只有）you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky ___________（讲得通）.
5. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system _____ ________________________（行星围绕着它转）and only the moon still going round the earth.
Only if
make sense
with
the planets going round it
【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
① “Neither. . . nor. . . ”既不……也不……
仿写：他和我都不打算去参加这次会议。
___________________________________________.
② “every time”作连词引导时间状语从句
仿写：我每次去北京都会去参观长城。
__________________________________________________.
Neither he nor I am going to attend the meeting
Every time I went to Beijing, I would visit the Great Wall
1. conclude vt. &vi. 结束；推断出
（1）conclude （sth. ） with sth. /by doing sth.
以……结束某事
conclude sth. from sth. 根据……推断出/断定……
（2）draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion
获得/得出结论
make a conclusion下结论
come to the conclusion that. . .
所得结论是……
in conclusion最后，总之
bring. . . to a conclusion使……结束
①The doctor concluded that the patient’s disease was cancer. 医生断定病人患的是癌症。
②We concluded the meeting with an English song.
我们以一首英语歌结束了这次会议。
③We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再得出最终结论。
④I’ve ____ __ ___ __________ ____ he’s not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
⑤ ___ _________ （总之）, more and more people prefer to live in the countryside.
come to the conclusion that
In conclusion
2. attend vt. 照顾; 护理; 出席; 参加
attend a meeting/wedding/lecture/movie
参加会议/出席婚礼/听演讲/看电影
attend school/class/church 上学/上课/去教堂
attend to 处理；对付；照料
attend (on/upon) sb. 照顾（侍候）某人
①He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.
他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的粉丝听他的讲座。
②He has to attend (on) his sick son.
他不得不照顾生病的儿子。
③ We’ll ______ __ the problem later.
稍后我们将处理这个问题。
attend to
【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
表示出席或参加会议、仪式、典礼；也可表
示上课、上学、听报告等。
表示加入某一组织，并成为其中的一员，如加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部等。其宾语也可以是人。
表示参加活动，侧重说明主语参加并在其中
发挥一定的作用，part前若有修饰语，前面
要用不定冠词。
表示参加正在进行的小型活动，也可用于join
sb. in (doing) sth. 表示加入某人一起做某事。
④Thank you all for coming and _____________ our camp.
⑤I tried to persuade her to _____ the club.
⑥I shall _______ the meeting.
⑦Everyone in the class is expected to _______ the discussion.
taking part in
join
attend
join in
【助记】
3. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
expose. . . to 使显露；暴露
be exposed to 暴露于……，处于……危险中
expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事
expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到某物，使面临，使遭受
①Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight, or you’ll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
②We want to expose the kids to art and culture as much as possible.
我们想让孩子们尽可能多地受到艺术和文化的熏陶。
③There were reports that about 160 local residents may _____ ____ _______ __ radiation in Japan.
有报道称，日本大约160名当地居民可能已经遭受核辐射。
④The journalist ________ that official’s scandal __ the public. 这位记者向公众揭发了那位官员的丑闻。
have
been exposed to
exposed
to
【助记】
4. cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
(1)cure sb. /a disease 治疗好某人/治疗（治愈）某种疾病
cure sb. of. . . 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等
(2)a cure for. . . 针对……的治疗（法）
①Nine out of ten doctors advised their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.
十有八九的医生建议病人吃Yucky Pills 来治疗牙疼。
【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
意为“治愈”，常指治疗疾病、痛苦或革除恶习、弊害等，侧重结果；可构成cure sb. of sth. 结构。
意为“治疗”，强调治疗的过程；常用treat sb. for sth. 结构。
意为“(使)愈合, 治愈”, 指治愈伤口尤其是灼伤，使愈合或恢复正常。
②Which doctor is going to _____ him for his illness?
③She tried every means to _____ her child of the bad habit.
④His wound _______ after the treatment.
【助记】
The doctor is treating him and he will be cured in three days.
医生正在为他治疗，三日后他将痊愈。
treat
cure
healed
5. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
absorb sth. 吸收……
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意
be absorbed in. . . 全神贯注于……
①Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily.
彩色的物体通常会很容易吸引孩子们的注意力。
②In the natural carbon cycle, plants absorb CO2 as they grow.
在自然界碳循环中，植物在生长的过程中吸收二氧化碳。
③The little girl ___ ________ __ _______ a tale.
小姑娘正在全神贯注地阅读一篇故事。
was absorbed in reading
6. blame vt. 责备；谴责；归咎于
n. 过失；责备
(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)……而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for. . . ) 应承担责任；该受责备(用主动
形式表被动意义)
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for. . .
对某事负责；承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.
把责任推到……身上
①I don’t blame you for doing that.
我不责备你做了那件事。
②You must bear the blame for the accident.
你必须承担这次事故的责任。
③The police ________ the traffic accident ___ Jack’s careless driving.
警察把那起交通事故归咎于杰克的粗心驾驶。
④The driver ___ ___ __ _____ ___ the traffic accident.
这位司机不应承担交通事故责任。
blamed
on
was not to blame for
7. contribute vt. &vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助
（1）contribute. . . to. . . 为……捐献；投稿
contribute to 有助于；促进；导致
（2）contribution n. 贡献，捐献
make a contribution/contributions to/towards. . .
为……做贡献
①Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes to the homeless people.
每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。
②She contributed an article to our magazine.
她给我们的杂志投了一篇稿子。
③Medical negligence was said to _____ __________ ___ her death.
据说医务人员的玩忽职守是她死亡的原因。
④ Everyone should ______ __ ___________ __ _________ the environment.
每个人都应当为保护环境做贡献。
have contributed to
make a contribution to protecting
【助记】

Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐钱，这使他重新回到了校园。一位作家写了一篇关于此事的报道并把它投到了报社。
8. put forward 提出；提前；拨快（时钟）; 推荐
①The plan put forward by the old professor was well worth considering.
那位老教授提出的计划很值得考虑。
②May I put you forward as a possible chairman of the committee?
我可否提名你为该委员会主席的人选？
③They ____ ___ ________ the date of their wedding by one week. 他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。
have put forward
【拓展】补全下列put短语
put ____ 储蓄；储存
put _____ 放好；积蓄
put ___ 延期；推迟
put __ 穿上；演出
put ___ 熄灭；生产
put __ 提升；张贴；提出；建造
aside
away
off
on
out
up
9. apart from 除……之外；此外
①Apart from working and sleeping, the thing Americans do the most is watching TV—5 hours a day on average. （=besides）
除了工作和睡觉，美国人做的最多的就是看电视——平均每天5个小时。
②Apart from you，I had no one to ta