第二单元知识点
consist
1) 由……组成; 由……构成(注意:不能用于被动语态和进行时态)= be made up of
The UK consists of four countries=The Uk is made up of four countries.
This club consists of more than 200 members
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen
The teacher’s job consists of giving lessons and taking care of the students.
2) consist in 基于,在于,存在…之中
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
What does happiness consist in?
3) consist with: 一致
The report consists with facts.
2. England can be divided into three main areas. 英国可以分成三大部分。
　 divide 意为“把一个整体分成若干个部分” 常与 into, among, between 搭配
　 divide into 把…分成
divide sth. among sb.　在…分配
divide A from B　使分离; 使分开
divide… by…　用…除以
Let’s divide the class into 4 groups.
He divides his energies between politics and business.
Jack divided the rest of the cash among their partners.
Six divided by three is two.
划分;把整体分成若干部分, 破坏了宾语的完整性。　　　　
分隔; 把原来连在一起或靠近的分隔开来, 没有破坏宾语的完整性, 只是将宾语分开。
divide
separate
辨析: divide, separate
The world is divided into five continents.
Let’s divide the cake into three.
He separated the big eggs from the small ones.
The grinding machine (碾谷机) separates the grain from the husk(糠).
1. The apple was _______ into two.
2. We _______the money equally.
3. Oxygen can be ________ from water.
4. The Taiwan Strait ________ Taiwan from Fujian.
试一试
divided
divided
separated
separates
puzzle n/v puzzled a. puzzling a.
1) n. 难题,谜,迷惑,困惑
2) v. 使…迷惑/困惑
A crossword puzzle
be in a puzzle about sth
I am in a puzzle about the matter.
The question puzzled me.
I'm puzzled about what to do next.
puzzle oneself (one’s brain) about sth
= puzzle over sth 苦苦思索，为…大伤脑筋
I am puzzling my brain about how to make my lesson lively and interesting.
I puzzled over the question for quite a while.
He listened to the lecture with a ____ expression.
puzzled B. puzzling
C. puzzle D. being puzzled
2) I hope that what I say will clarify the misunderstanding.
3) His mind sudden clarified.
---fy 构成动词词缀，意思是 使…,如satisfy, terrify beautify simplify
Clarify v. 使（某事物）清楚，澄清clarification
to clarify a remark/statement/fact/ issues/the meaning of
clarify how/ what --clause
1) I will clarify my position/stand at a proper time. 澄清立场
refer to
1) We agree never to refer to the matter again.提到；谈及
2) Complete the exercise without referring to a dictionary.查阅
3) Who does the pronoun in the third sentence refer to? 指的是
4) The speaker referred to him as an up-and-coming politician. 把…称作
1) Are they coming as well/too ?
2) She is a talented musician as well as a photographer.
3) He plays guitar as well.
as well/as well as
4) E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
5) Miss Han, _____ Mrs. Howe, speaks good French. They often talk in French.
A. so well as B. as good as C. as well as D. so good as
6) John plays football ______, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
find +宾语+宾语补足语，included为过去分词作宾语补足语。find在该结构中表示“发现，觉得，发现…处于某种状态”。find后的宾语补足语通常由以下几种形式充当：
1 find +宾语+现在分词
Tom found the girl walking in the direction of the small village.
2 find +宾语+过去分词
Then I found the hero surrounded by a group of soldiers.
3 find +宾语+介词短语
Suddenly I found my mother at the edge of the river.
4 find +宾语+形容词
Li Ming found himself wet when he arrived home.
5 find +宾语+名词
I find him the man who saved me.
Accomplish
1. 完成, 实现, 做成功
I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months.
2.达到(目的)；完成(任务、使命、计划、事业等)；实现(诺言、计划等)
This task is accomplished by great effort.
这项任务是经过巨大努力才完成的。
3.做到，做成，做成功
She seems to accomplish nothing.
她似乎没有任何建树。
辨析 complete, finish, end, accomplish
这些词均含“结束，完成”之意。complete: 侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。finish: 与complete基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事。end: 最普通用词，着重事情的完成。也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止。accomplish: 正式用词，强调一个过程的完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的结果。
5. However, just as they were going to get Ireland connected to form the United Kingdom, the Southern part of that country broke away to form its own government. 然而,正当他们打算把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家联合起来形成联合王国的时候,爱尔兰的南部却分离出去了。
break v. (broke, broken)
习惯搭配:
break away 挣脱, 逃脱；脱离, 背叛
break down 抛锚, 出故障,身体跨了
break into 闯入, 突然发出
break out (战争、瘟疫、火灾) 爆发
break off 中断
break the rules 违反规则
break the records　打破记录
Our car broke down
The peace talk between the two counties has broken down.
Yesterday two thieves broke into his house.
As she was talking, he suddenly broke in, saying, "That's a lie". (interrupt)
He broke off a piece of chocolate.
War broke out in 1914.
The meeting broke up at ten to three.
She's just broken up with her boyfriend.
(机器)损坏, 抛锚 （身体，精神）
垮掉 谈判中止
破门而入
打扰,插话
掰碎，把…分成碎片，
与……分开;分裂

结束
credit 信任，学分，赞扬，信贷
He earned enough credits for his degree学分
You should give him some credit for all the efforts he’s put in. 赞扬
No credit is given to this restaurant.本店概不赊账
It’s much to her credit that Joy overcame all the difficulties.值得表扬
credit card 信用卡
on credit 赊账，记账
He bought the furniture on credit. 他赊帐买了这家具。
V 相信
Nobody credited his story. 没有人相信他的话。
6. Although the four countries do work together in some areas ( for example, in international relations), they are still different. 尽管这四个国家在某些方面 (如国际关系方面) 是合作的, 但它们还是不同的。
注意
work together是一个习惯用语, 不能按字面意思直译。work 在此处的被译为“起反应, 起作用”
由动词work构成的词组：
work well 做得好
work sth. in/into sth. 设法把...加进
work at something 从事
work out 算出
work one’s will on /upon somebody 将某人的意志强加给别人
7. England is the largest of the four countries and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在这四个国家中,英格兰最大,为了方便起见, 它大致被分为了三个地区。
　convenience n. convenient adj.方便, 便利
for convenience 为了方便起见at one’s convenience 在某人方便时convenient 主语通常是物而不是人be convenient to/for sb对某人方便be convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便
n.便利的设施/设备(可数)
n.方便/便利 (不可数)
1 I keep my reference books near my desk
for convenience.
2 We bought this house for its convenience.
3 Please come at your convenience.

4The newly-built office building is
equipped with many modern conveniences.

5 Will the 3:50 train be convenient to you?
Come and see me whenever _____________.
you are convenient
B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you
D. it will be convenient to you
未经加工rough diamonds.
概略的：不完善 a rough drawing 草图
粗鲁无礼的态度rough manners.
不愉快，艰难的：had a rough time during the exam. a rough winter严冬
粗糙的不光滑的 a rough surface /hands
粗暴的，粗野 的ran with a rough crowd.
in rough = roughly 粗略地
8. However, these industrial cities built in the 19th century do not have the historical attractions of other places. 然而, 这些在十九世纪建立起来的城市却没有其它地方所具有的历史魅力。
attraction n. attract v. attractive adj
　1) 吸引，引力;
2) 吸引人的东西; 喜闻乐见的东西; 精彩节目
attraction of gravity 重力
scenic / tourist attraction(s) 旅游胜地
He can’t resist the attraction of the sea on hot day. 酷热的夏天他经不住海的诱惑。
A big city offers many and varied attractions. 大城市有多种多样吸引人的东西。
What are the principle attractions this evening? 今天晚上的拿手节目是什么？
All of the people were attracted by the young lady’s attractive smile
We must attract people’s attention to the education of the poor children in the countryside.
形近词 attack attach attribute attract
The box under the car attracted the policemen’s eyesight.
He attributed his success to his hard work.
At dawn , we are going to attack the enemy to occupy the town.
Have you read the letter attached to his file.
treasure
1) [u] 金银财宝，宝藏 e.g. to find buried treasure
2) [c] 珍品/宝
e.g. the nation’s art treasures 国家的艺术珍品
3）v. 珍惜/爱e.g. I will treasure those memories forever.
7. collection 收藏品，珍藏，收集
Researchers spent 6 months collecting facts and figures.
collect / raise money for sth.
collect one’s thoughts 集中思想
a collection of people (群)
a collection of poetry （诗集）
collect stamps
＜短语＞　
have a bad, good, beneficial, harmful, influence with / on 对...有影响
under the influence of　在…影响下
9. But London has been influenced only by some invaders of England. 但是伦敦仅受一些入侵者的影响。
influence vt. & n. 影响，感化,　影响力
The book had a great influence on his life.
Under the influence of my friend, I bought a red coat.
My teacher’s influence made me study science at college.
He is a man of influence in the city.
My teacher influenced my decision to study art.
The weather influences crops.
affect & influence 意义相近
affect 一般指生理/物质上的改变
influence 较多用于指感觉/态度上的改变
e.g. 1) Drinking can affect your ability to drive.
2）The TV advertisements have influenced my attitude
towards drinking and driving.
10. If you look around the British countryside, you will find evidence of all these invaders. 如果你的在英国四处走走的话,就会发现这些入侵者的痕迹。
invader n. 入侵者; 侵略者invade vt. 侵入; 侵略; 拥入
Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.　　　　 希特勒1939年入侵波兰。
Doubts invade my mind.　　　　　　　满腹狐疑。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Disease invade the body.　　　　　　　疾病侵袭身体。
Holiday makers invade the seaside towns in summer.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　在夏季, 度假者大批涌入海滨城市。
worthwhile/worth adj
1) It is worthwhile to visit /visiting Hangzhou which is a beautiful place.
2) Hangzhou is a beautiful place which is
worth visiting.
3) Thank you for your worthwhile suggestion.
Thank you for your worth suggestion.
worth: a. ~+n./pron.(代词)/V-ing
只作表语不作定语
worthwhile a. ~+to do sth./doing sth.
既可作表语又可作定语
be worthy of + n./being+p.p./ to be p.p
e.g. 1) Th