Unit 3 Life in the future 未来的生活
Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. ________ (adj. ) 在前的；早先的
2. ______ (n. ) 指导；向导；导游
(vt. ) 指引；指导
3. ________ (vt. ) 容忍；忍受
previous
guide
tolerate
4. _____ (vi. & vt. ) 缺乏；没有
(n. ) 缺乏；短缺的东西
5. ______ (n. ) 开关；转换
(vt. ) 转换
6. _______ (adj. ) 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
7. __________ (n. )印象；感想；印记→ _______ (v. )使留下深
刻印象→ __________ (adj. )给人深刻印象的
lack
switch
greedy
impression
impress
impressive
8. ________ (adj. )时常发生的；连续不断的→ _________ (adv. )
不断地
9. ____________ (n. )周围的事物；环境→ ____________ (adj. )周
围的→_________ (vt. )围绕
10. __________ (n. )调整；调节→ ______ (vt. )调整；使适应
11. _____ (vi. & vt. )按；压；逼迫(n. )按；压；印刷；新闻→
________ (n. )压力
constant
constantly
surroundings
surrounding
surround
adjustment
adjust
press
pressure
12. _________ (adj. )乐观(主义)的→ __________ (反义词)悲观(主
义)的
13. ______ (n. )打字员→ __________ (n. )打字机
14. _______ (n. )瞬间；片刻(adj. )立即的；立刻的→ _________
(adv. )马上
15. _____________ (n. )代表；典型人物(adj. )典型的；有代表性的
→ _________ (v. )代表
16. _________ (n. )定居；解决→ _____（v. ）定居；解决
optimistic
pessimistic
typist
typewriter
instant
instantly
representative
represent
settlement
settle
【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①The city of Hangzhou is really an __________ place. Especially
the famous West Lake always leaves quite an __________ on the
visitors. I was strongly _________ by its beauty the first time I saw
it. (impress)
②I always dream of having a house __________ by trees and
flowers. If we can live in such beautiful ____________, we must have a happy feeling every day. The ___________ things always have an effect on our mood. (surround)
impressive
impression
impressed
surrounded
surroundings
surrounding
Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 拿起；接受；开始；继续 _______
2. (困境后)恢复；完全复原 ___________________
3. 看不见…… ______________
4. 打扫；横扫 ________
5. (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进…… ________
take up
be back on one’s feet
lose sight of. . .
sweep up
slide into
6. 加速 ________
7. 对……感到乐观 __________________
8. 与……相似 ______________
9. 向四面八方 ______________
10. 在修建中 ____________
speed up
be optimistic about
be similar to. . .
in all directions
under repair
Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. Which problems ____________ (你认为) people will have
overcome in one thousand years?
2. At first my new surroundings were _________________ (难以忍
受).
3. _____________________ (由于缺乏新鲜空气)，my head ached.
do you think
difficult to tolerate
Hit by a lack of fresh air
4. However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached _____
_______________________ (看上去像个大市场) because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
5. Well, now there’s a system __________________________ (废弃
物被处理) ___________________________ (用生态学原理).
what
looked like a large market
where the waste is disposed of
using the principles of ecology
【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
①特殊疑问词＋插入语(do you think/suppose/expect/believe 等)＋陈述语序
仿写：你为什么认为他们不会按时到呢？
Why don’t you think they will arrive on time?
②what引导的名词性从句
仿写：一座现代化的城市在10年以前还是一片荒地的地方建起来了。
A modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland 10 years ago.
1. lack vi. &vt. 缺乏；没有 n. 缺乏；短缺的东西
(1) lack (for) sth. 缺少……
be lacking (in) sth. 缺乏……
(2) (a) lack of. . . ……方面的短缺
have no lack of. . . 不缺乏……
for/by/from/through lack of sth. 因缺乏……，因没有……
① Alex’s real problem is that he lacks confidence.
亚历克斯的真正问题是缺乏信心。
② He seemed to be lacking in courage.
他似乎缺乏勇气。
③The trip was cancelled through lack of interest.
因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
④_____ __ vitamin B can produce a variety of symptoms.
缺少维生素B会引发多种症状。
Lack of
【助记】 His girlfriend thought that he must be a rich person lacking for nothing. In fact, he couldn’t afford to buy even a small flat for lack of money. But he lacked the courage to tell her the truth.
他的女朋友认为他是个什么都不缺的富人。事实上，因为没有钱，他甚至连很小的公寓也买不起。但他一直缺乏告诉她真相的勇气。
【真题链接】
［2010福建，27］More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities _______ space.
A. in search of B. in place of
C. for lack of D. for fear of
【解析】选C。考查介词短语。句意：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。A项意为“寻找……”；B项意为“代替，替代”；C项意为“因缺乏”；D项意为“担心，害怕”。根据句意可知，C项正确。
2. switch n. & v．开关；转换；改变；交换
（1）switch on 接上；打开
switch off 切断；关掉
switch (from. . . ) to . . . （从……）变换到/转向……
（2）make a switch 进行改变
① Can they switch back and forth between the two systems?
它们能在两个系统之间转换吗？
② According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
根据空中交通规则，在登机前你应当关闭手机。
③She ________ _____ full-time __ part-time work when her child was born. 当她的孩子出生后，她就从做全职工作改为做兼职工作了。
switched from
to
【点津】
表示“打开；切断电源、开关”等意义时，switch on/off 可以与turn on/off 互换。
3. instant adj. 立即的，立刻的
n．[C] (一般用单数) 瞬间，片刻；某一时刻
in an instant＝instantly 立刻，马上
the instant＋从句= instantly＋从句 一……就……
①The film was an instant success.
这部电影一上映就获得了成功。
②In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water. 他马上脱掉衣服跳进了水里。
③____ ______ he came in，I recognized him.
他一进来，我就认出他来了。
The instant
4. take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用
写出下列句中take up的汉语意思
① Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing? （ ）
② Writing the paper took up most of the weekend. （ ）
③She took up the story where Tim had left off. （ ）
④Marx took up English when he was 50. （ ）
接受
占用
继续
开始学
【拓展】 take off 脱掉（衣服等）；起飞；事业腾飞
take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take apart 拆开
take. . . for granted 认为……是理所当然的
take down 写下；记下；拆除
take back 收回(诺言)
take in 吸收，接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
5. lose sight of. . . 看不见……
①The place was so crowded；we soon lost sight of him.
那地方人太多，一会儿我们就看不见他了。
②Only a short-sighted man will ____ _____ __ the importance of education.
只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。
lose sight of
【拓展】翻译下列相关短语
catch sight of sth. /sb. ____________
at first sight ___________________
at (the) sight of _________________
out of sight _______
in sight _____________________
看见某物/人
初看之下；乍看起来
一看见……就……
看不见
看得见，在视线范围内
【点津】
sight作可数名词时，意为“景物，景象；情景，名胜”，指名胜风光时，常用复数形式，而没有修饰语时，常与the连用。
③We enjoyed the beautiful sight of Venice last week. (改错)
sight改为sights
6. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
句中“hit by a lack of fresh air”为过去分词短语作原因状语。
过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意：
（1）过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致(某些独立成分 如generally speaking除外)；
（2）过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动与完成关系。
①Bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
那个邮递员被狗咬了两次后，他拒绝给我们家送信，除非我们把狗拴上。
②Given a wrong number, I couldn’t contact him over phone.
因为给错了号码，所以我没能够通过电话联系上他。
③Given a chance, we can surprise the world. （句型转换）
= __ ___ ___ _____ __ _______, we can surprise the world.
If we are given a chance
【想一想】我们学过现在分词和动词不定式也可作状语，它们分别有什么具体用法，现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语有什么区别吗？
【拓展延伸】
(1) 现在分词作状语时，如果分词动作发生在主句动作之前，则分词要用完成式结构；表示方式、伴随的现在分词可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后，而表结果的现在分词只能位于主句之后。
（2）不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果或原因等。作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动作之后，可放句首也可放句尾。作结果状语时常与only, just等连用表示出人意料的结果；作原因
状语时，一般放句尾，常跟在一些形容词或过去分词后说明产生这种情绪的原因。
(3) 现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的差别
现在分词（短语）作结果状语，多表示顺其自然的结果；而动词不定式作结果状语则表示出乎预料的结果，常被only或just等修饰，构成only/ just＋to＋v. 的结构形式。
（1） impression与其他名词的词义辨析
（2）speed up 与其他“动词+up”短语的辨析
（3）“疑问词+插入语（do you think 等）+陈述语序”句式的应用
1. The little girl’s excellent performance made a deep _______ on the audience present.
A．impression B．sight
C．appearance D．expression
【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意：小女孩的精彩表演给在场的观众留下了深刻印象。 impression “印象”， sight “视力、情景”， appearance “表面、外表”， expression “表情、表达、词语”。
2. The rise in the cost of living has been _______ in recent years.
A. turning up B. speeding up
C. getting up D. staying up
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。turn up意为“出现”; speed up意为“加速”；get up意为“起床”; stay up意为“熬夜；不睡觉”。结合句意“生活费用的上涨速度近年来一直在加快”，可知B项正确。
3. 完成句子
①你认为哪一个答案是最佳答案？
Which of the answers ________________________?
②你认为谁拿了这本书？
_________________ has taken the book?
do you think is the best one
Who do you think