知识梳理
八年级下册
一、语法
1.动词时态
2.并列复合句
3.宾语从句
1、动词时态
句中没有be、的变法
一般现在时有be 的变法
否定句、一般疑问句的结构
一般过去式的句子结构：
肯定句：主语+have /has +V过去分词+其他.
现在完成时的句子结构
一般疑问句回答:
Is he...? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
Do you ...? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Does...she ? Yes she does. No, she doesn’t.
Did they...? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.
Have you...? Yes, I have . No. I haven’t.
Were they...? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
Was he...? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
Has she …? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
2、并列复合句
并列复合句—是由并列词and ,but ,or 等把两个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。
并列复合句的构成：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。
（1.）并列关系用and (2.) 选择关系 用or （3.）转折关系用but
3、宾语从句
1.引导词的选择
一般疑问句充当宾语从句
特殊疑问句充当宾语从句
疑问代词或疑问副词
2.语序 陈述句语序
3.时态
陈述句充当宾语从句
主句
一般现在时
一般过去时
从句
按实际情况用相应时态
过去的某种时态
4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose， expect，believe 等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移
5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
that
if/whether
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句
e.g.
1. He said, “You are younger than I ”.

2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.
He said that I was younger than him.
He says that Tom is a good student.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句
e.g.
She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”

“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.
She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.
He asked if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall.
直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系
e.g.
1. He asked, “Where do you live?”
2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he
asked.
He asked where I lived.
He asked how they could get to the post-office.
二、话题
人的相貌及性格
2.天气及季节
3.看病与健康
4.假期
三、句子
简单句
并列句
复合句
选择问句
特殊疑问句
感叹句
一般疑问句
否定句
祈使句
简单句
并列句
复合句
选择问句
特殊疑问句
感叹句
This is an orange bike.
He knows me and I know him.
When I was 5, I could swim.
Did you live here or there?
What did they learn just now?
What a heavy rain it is!
Does Tom speak French?
I don’t understand it.
Stand （Don’t） up.
一般疑问句
否定句
祈使句
四、句型 (及交际用语)
对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：
It is +adj. for/of sb. + to do sth.
2. 提问看病的：
What can I do for you ?
Can I help you ?
What’s wrong?
What’s the matter?
3.回答生病情况：1)
I have got a
headache .
stomach ache .
toothache.
fever.
cough.
cold.
catch a cold
2) 就此病症提出合理建议
Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day.
Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days.
It’s nothing serious. You’ll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days.
Don’t be so tired.
4.提问某人的爱好：
What ‘ s your hobby?
回答爱好：
My hobby is
collecting fans/tickets.
collecting stamps/model cars.
writing.
playing basketball.
swimming.
running.
singing.
5. 提问人的相貌：
What does...look like?
6. 提问人的性格：
What is ... like?
7. 到该做什么事的时候了。
It’s time to do sth.
It’s time for sth.
8. 提建议用语：
Why not do sth.?
Why don’t you do sth.?
What/How about sth. / doing sth.?
It’s best to do sth.
You’d better do sth.
You should do sth.
五、词类
1. 动词 6. 形容词、副词
2. 系动词 7.数词
3. 代词 8. 频率副词
4.不定代词 9. 介词
5. 连词 10. 疑问词
1.动词
(谓语)
He watches TV every day.
He is watching TV now.
He watched TV a moment ago.
动词
(非谓语)
He enjoys watching TV.
Jim makes me laugh.
I wanted to see it again.
2.系动词 (+形容词的动词)
look be
turn get
sound become
taste feel
smell
1) Jim’s idea sounds nice.
2) Kate looks taller.
3) I feel nervous now.
4) Beijing becomes bigger.
5) The days get long.
6) The cake tastes delicious.
3.不定代词
1. other, others, the other, the others,
another, One..., the other..., any other
2. one, ones, one’s
3. something somebody / someone
anything anybody / anyone
everything everybody / everyone
nothing nobody / no one
5. 连词
1. and 7. when
2. but 8. before
3. or 9. after
4. so 10. as
5. though 11. if
6. because
用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空
1. Jim often helps me with my English _____ I often help him with his Chinese.
2. _________ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.
3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, ____ he still works 8 hours a day.
Because
and
but
4. Everyone must be here _________ 6:00 tomorrow.
5. __________it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field.
6. I can help you ___ I have time.
用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空
Though
before
if
7. ______ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.
8. We must be quick, ___ we can’t follow them.
9. To catch the early bus, ___ I got up very early this morning.
用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空
so
or
After
10. ______ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.
11. __ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?
用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空
If
When
6.形容词、副词
形容词与副词的转换
在词尾处+ ly
y结尾时,去y + ily
有的e结尾的单词,需去y + ly，有的则直接+ly。
quick—quickly 2. easy--easily
3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly
5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully
形容词、副词的使用
形容词
副词
修饰名词
修饰动词、形容词
They are clever boys.
I prefer long hair.
It really sounds nice.
They work very hard.
7. 数词
数词
基数词变序数词
百,千,万,的表达
几分之几
用来表达时、分
用来表达年、月、日
8. 频率副词
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never
用How often 对它们进行提问。
他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。
I always have milk for breakfast.
I usually have eggs for breakfast.
I often have noodles for it.
I sometimes have fruits for it.
I seldom have rice for it.
I never have meat in the morning.
9. 与时间相关的介词
for 时间段前
in 某年、某月前
on 具体日子、节日、
生日、星期几前
at 某分，某时前
当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用 in 而用on.
表示方位的介词：
某物／处在某处的东南西北。
north
south
west
northeast
southeast
northwest
southwest
east
The Position
in, to, on 的区别
on
某处在某处之内
某处与某处相接壤
某处在某处之外
in
to
with 的多种用法
do sth. with sb./ sth.
a girl with long hair
a room with two doors
a city with large population
be busy with sth.
be popular with...
be with a style of...
talk with sb.
help sb. with sth.
an action movie with Jackie Chan
What’s wrong / the matter with...?
10. 疑问词
六、易混淆的词、词组
What is ...like?
What does...look like?
1.
2.
3.
what to do
how to do
wake up
wake sb. up
4.
5.
there be
have / has
join
take part in...
6.
7.
8.
in the east of...
to the east of...
trip
travel
other, others
the other, the others
One..., the other..., another
any other schools
any other school
9.
10.
11.
12.
stop to do sth.
stop doing sth.
as well as
except
besides
a little, little, a bit,
a bit of... a few, few
get to...
arrive in / at...
reach
13.
too much
much too
14.
by car
take a car
15.
16.
excited, interested, amazed
exciting, interesting, amazing
It’s time to ... .
It’s time for... .
18. noise, voice, sound
19. hear, listen, listen to
20. say, tell, talk, speak
21. read, watch, see, look, look at
17.
like
as
八、易错的词
+doing
还有介词＆busy
finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice
make
let
+do
+doing
plan
order
decide
want
ask …
+to do
1.Without thinking more, he left here.
2.I can’t finish writing it in only a few minutes.
3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams.
4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things.
5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young.
6.Let’s practice speaking English, OK?
九、不易用对的词
enough
(名词前)
enough water
enough books
enough time
enough people
enough
(形容词、副词后)
tall enough
strong enough
good enough
big enough
十、形容词与不定代词的位置
something easy,
hard, important...
anything useful,
interesting, funny...
nothing difficult,
cheap, amazing, exciting...
Where there is a will ,there is a way.