I think that mooncakes
are delicious
Unit 2
Section A
Grammar Focus-4c
观察与探究
重点：
1.What 和how 引导的感叹句
2. that, if and whether引导的宾语从句
2.Object clauses with
that, if and whether
一、宾语从句的概念
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
We know Mr Green teaches English.
She asked if these answers were right.
二、宾语从句三要素
引导词（连接词）
语 序
时 态
1. I hear (that) _______________________.
2. He said (that) ______________________.
3. The teacher told us (that) _______________ ________________.
he will be back in an hour
he missed us very much
the earth moves
一、由that引导的宾语从句
注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。
around the sun
Object clauses with that
二、连词that不能省略的几种情况
1. 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if/whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if/whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Object clauses with if and whether
由if / whether引导的宾语从句
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?
其次要注意时态变化：
1. 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在完成时 过去完成时
如：Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.
Ⅲ. if和whether的区别
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1. 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说。
2. 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否来。
3. 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4. 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5. 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants to know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。
6. if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：
If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。
改为含宾语从句的复合句
1. Will the train arrive on time? I want to know.
I want to know _______ the train ______ on time.
2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
will arrive
if / whether
came
if / whether
1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
2. The shop keeper asked my father ________ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.
if / whether
whether
3. I don’t know __________ to go or stay.
4. ________ that is true, what should we do?
whether
If
5. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.
Whether
Complete the sentences with if / whether.
根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。
I don’t think Mary ______ ______.
2. 山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai.
3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。
I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing.
will
come
was
leaving
if / whether
1. I don't know if Mr. Wang ____on a field trip. If he ___ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me.
A. goes; will go B. will go; goes
C. will go; will go D. goes; goes
2. She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it
B
B
3. They wondered if the teacher ______ us English the next term.
A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
A
Choose the right answers.
5. I haven’t decide ____ I’ll go out or stay at home.
A. if B. when
C. why D. whether
6. I want to know ______ he loves you.
A. that B. what C. if D. who
D
C
4. The boy asked ______ any noise from outside.
A. whether had I heard
B. whether I had heard
C. whether have I heard
D. whether I have heard
B
A
C
7. I wondered ____ our teacher was going to attend our party.
A. whether B. why
C. where D. that

8. I’d like to know _____ or not.
A. whether will he come
B. whether has he come
C. whether he will come
D. if he will come
( )1. — I wonder ___________.
— I'm afraid we'll be late. (2011山东青岛)
A. how we can be on time
B. what we are going to do
C. why we get to school late
D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time
中考链接
D
( )2. We’ll plant trees tomorrow, and I don’t know_____ Tom will come and join us. (2011天津)
A. if B. which
C. what D. where
A
( )3. —Do you know _______ tomorrow?
—Sorry, I don't know. You may surf the Internet. (2011湖南湘潭)
A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain
B
( )4.—Mum, can we go to the art museum tomorrow?
—Sure. But first we should find out ________. (2011广西南宁市)
A. what can we do B. where we can go
C. how can we go there D. if it will be open
D
( )5. We don’t know _______ the meeting will be held soon. (2011内蒙古包头)
A. when B. what  C. whether D. since
C
( )5. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ____ our school sports meeting tomorrow?　　
—I think she will come to school if she _____ free.(2011山东滨州)　
A. will take part in; will be
B. takes part in; is
C. will take part in; is
D. takes part in; will be
C
( )6. Do you know ______ Guangzhou tomorrow? (2011肇庆)
A. whether they leave for B. whether will they leave for
C. whether they are leaving for
C
( )7. I've decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering ________ you could go with me. (2011江西省)
A. if B. when C. that D. where
A
( )8.—Do you think _____ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not?
—Sorry, I’ve no idea. (2011广西百色)
A. that B. which  C. if D. whether
D
( )9. He said that light ______much faster than sound. (2011山东枣庄)
A. has travelled B. went  C. travels D. travelled
C
( ) 10. Over these years I have had a new understanding of ____ people traditionally call a perfect person. (2012江苏淮安)
A. how B. what C. who D. whom
A
( ) 11. Can you tell me in the future? (2012江苏宿迁)
A. how life will be like
B. how will life be like
C. what life will be like
D. what will life be like
C
( ) 12.—Do you know _____?
—At the end of July. (2012江苏连云港)
A. how soon is your sister running back home
B. how often Nancy from her pen friend
C. when the London Olympic Games will be held
D. when will the new computer game come out
C
( ) 14. We haven’t discussed yet ______. (2012江苏苏州)
A. where we are going to put our new table
B. where are we going to put our new table
C. what we are going to put our new table
D. what are we going to put our new table
A
( ) 16. They wonder ________ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not. (2013漳州)
A. that B. if C. whether
( ) 17. Our physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound. (2013 黔东南)
A. travels B. traveled
C. traveling D. to travel
C
A
( ) 13. ---Peter, is there anything else you want to know about China?
---Yes, I am still wondering _____. (2012江苏南京)
A. how is Chinese paper cut made
B. how was the Great Wall built in ancient times
C. why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance
D. why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival
C
( ) 15. I wonder ______. (2012江苏镇江)
A. if Dr Ma still works on the ORBIS plane
B. how much does the tallest man in the world weigh
C. when Audrey Hepburn had entered the film industry
D. that Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon
A