Unit -5 What are the shirts made of ?
Period 5 Section A
4a—4c
New words
Germany 德国
surface n. 表面；表层
postman n. 邮递员
cap n（. 尤指有帽舌的）帽子
glove n（. 分手指的）手套
根据汉语提示完成单词。
1. Toney has to drive to meet
his (老板) at the airport this afternoon.
2. His father built a new house with different used (材料) beside the river.
boss
material
3. This kind of car is very expensive and only made in (德国)by hand.
4. The river is polluted and the
(表面)of the water is covered with oil.
5. The girl sat outside the door and waited for the (邮寄员) every day.
Germany
surface
postman
被动语态 (Passive Voice)
结构: be + V-p.p.
am / are / is + 动词的过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态:
Many people speak English.

主动句与被动句之间的转换
English is spoken by many people.
主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词+ 宾语
主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：
1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。
2. 把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。
3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它 的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。
4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。
People play football all over the world.

2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.

3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
Football is played all over the world by people.
A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.
The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully.
把下列的主动句变为被动句。
1) Sunglasses __________ (use) for protecting people’s eyes.
2) A picture _________ (put) up on the blackboard.
3) French ___________ (speak) in France.
are used
is put
is spoken
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
4) Which language _______ the most widely _______ (speak) in the world?
5) The students _____ often _____ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.
6) Vegetables, eggs and fruits _________ (sell) in this shop.
is
spoken
are
told
are sold
1. Tea is grown in South China.（改为主动语态）
People _______ _________ in South China.
2. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
Metal ________ _________ ______ making machines.
grow
tea
按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。
is
used
for
3. They produce silk in Suzhou. (改为被动句)
Silk _________ _________ in Suzhou.
4. We call maths the language of science. (改为被动句)
　Maths _________ _________ the language of science.
is
produced
is
called
1. Cotton (棉花) ______ in the southeast of China.
　　A. is grown B. are grown
C. grows D. grow
2. The Great Wall ______ all over the world.
　　A. knows B. knew
C. is known D. was known
A
选择正确答案。
C
3. In some parts of the world, tea ______ with milk and sugar.
　　A. is serving 　　 B. is served　　
C. serves　　 D. served
4. — Do you often clean your classroom?
— Yes. Our classroom _______ every day.
A. clean B. cleans
C. is cleaned D. is cleaning
B
C
被动语态的几种句型
1. 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…)
A sweet song is sung by her on the stage.
2. 否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…)
3. 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)?
A sweet song isn’t sung by her on the stage.
Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage?
4. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…)?
Where is a sweet song sung by her?
Do you water your flowers every day?(变为被动句)

Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (变为疑问句)
Are your flowers watered by you every day?
Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful？
按要求改写下列句子。
3. This English song is sung by the girls after class.
① 改为否定句

②改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答

③对划线提问
This English song is not sung by the girls after class.
Is this English song sung by the girls after class?
When is this English song sung by the girls?
被动语态的运用:
（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没
有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
这座房子太旧了，它是1950年建的。
When will the road be opened to traffic?
这条路什么时候通车?
（2） 需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。 
Calculator can't be used in the math exam.
计算器不能用于数学考试。
 He was awarded first prize in that contest.
他在比赛中获得了第一。
有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。

The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。

You are requested to give a performance.
请你给我们表演一个节目。
（3）
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.
　We were told the truth by Jack.
　The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
He passes me the football. (改成被动语态)
I _____ ______ the football by him.
The football ______ ______ ______ me by him.
am
passed
is
passed
to
动词的主动形式表示被动之意
1). 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等
It smells terrible.
2).下列动词(词组)没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take
An accident happened yesterday.
注 意
3). 不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book sells well.
这本书畅销。
The kind of cloth washes well.
这种布很容易洗。
4). 在英语口语中，有时可用“get+过去分词”构成被动语态。如：
I got dressed as quickly as l could.
我尽快穿上衣服。
这样结构比较常见的搭配有：get arrested, get caught, get dressed, get drowned, get drunk, get lost, get married等。
Pair Work
A: Where are …?
B: They are … in …
grow in Brazil
grow in Colombia
grow in China
grow in Canada
A: Where is / are …?
B: It is / They are … in …
followed by
interviewed by
【2013江苏常州】This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ______ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
【解析】某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, cook, sell, lock, open等, 且主语是非生命的名词或代词, 用主动结构表被动含义。本句的主语为This listening material为第三人称单数; sell well意为“畅销”。句意为“这个听力材料以及它的光盘很畅销。”故选A。
中考链接
【2013河南】 — Excuse me. I'm looking for Be the Best of Yourself.
— Sorry. The book you ask for______ out.
A. is selling B. is sold
C. was selling D. will be sold
【解析】主语the book和动词sell构成被动关系，又时态为一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。答语句意“对不起，你要的书已售完”。故选B。
【2013广西南宁】 Han Han’s books are popular. They _______ by many teenagers.
A. is read B. was read
C. are read D. were read
【解析】由上句可知韩寒的书很受欢迎，用一般现在时；主语they是复数形式，故答案选C项。
【2013湖北宜昌】 — At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups.
— More chances _______ to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered
C. have offered D. are offering
【解析】句子大意为“小组学习为学生提供了更多相互学习的机会”。“机会”和“提供”之间存在被动关系，须用被动语态。四个选项中，只有are offered为被动语态。故选B。
【2013湖北襄阳】— Didn’t you see the sign “No Parking!” on the right?
— Sorry, I didn’t. But now I know parking _______ here.
A. wasn't allowed B. isn't allowed
C. won't allow D. doesn't allow
【解析】由上句中的“No Parking!”可知，停车不被允许，根据时间状语now可知，考察一般现在时态的被动语态，故选B。
【2013广东梅州】The child without parents ______ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A. is taken B. are taken
C. take D. takes
【解析】主语the child与动词短语take care of之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选A。
【2013浙江宁波】 — Have you finished your project?
— Not yet. I’ll finish it if I _______ ten more minutes.
A. give B. am given
C. will give D. will be given
【解析】句意“如果再给我十分钟我会完成它”，主语与动词give之间是被动关系，在条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。故选B。
【2013湖北黄石】This pair of shoes _______ hand, and it ______ very comfortable.
A. is made with; is felt
B. are made from; is felt
C. are made of; feels
D. is made by; feels
【解析】句意: “这双鞋是由手工制成的，它感觉起来很舒服”, 主语this pair of shoes不能执行谓语动词make, 故用被动语态, 且主语为第三人称单数形式, 用is made by的被动结构; feel为连系动词, 不能用被动语态，故选D。
1. Children under 18 _______________ (not allowed) to watch this show without their parents.
2. We _________ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month.
3. A: What language ___________ (speak) in Germany?
B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
are not allowed
are paid
is spoken
4a Complete the sentences with the
correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
4. Most of the earth’s surface __________ (cover) by water.
5. The classroom _________ (clean) by the students every day.
is covered
is cleaned
4b
4c
A: What’s your pencil made of?
B: It’s made of wood.
A : Where was it made ?
B: It was made in Shanghai.
A: What’s your jacket made of?
B: It’s made of …...
A : Where was it made ?
B: It was made in …...
A: What’s your sweater made of?
B: It’s made of …...
A : Where was it made ?
B: It was made in …...
A: What are your gloves made of?
B: They are made of …...
A : Where were they made ?
B: They were made in …...
A: What are your earrings made of?
B: They are made of …...
A : Where were they made ?
B: They were made in …...
A: What are your sports shoes made of?
B: They are made of …...
A : Where were they made ?
B: They were made in …...