被动语态

被动语态的基本构成：
be+动词的过去分词
（be+done)
1.一般现在时am/is/are +done
We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
He put on a coat.
A coat was put on by him.
2.一般过去时was/were+done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
3.一般将来时 shall/will /be going to+ be done
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
He is going to write a letter to his mother.
A letter is going to be written to his mother by him.
4.现在完成时has /have +been done
Jim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.
5.含有情态动词的被动语态
can/may/must/should +be done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.
被动语态的用法
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
这块手表是中国制造的。
This watch is made in China.
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者
每年都应该种更多的树。
Many trees should be planted every year.
3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。
世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
4. 句子的主语是动作的承受者。
许多房屋被冲走了。
Many houses were washed away by the flood.
主动语态变被动语态的方法
（主语） （宾语）
主动语态：动作的执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作的承受者

被动语态：动作的承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作的执行者
（主语） （宾语）
说明：
（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语为人称代词，要将宾格变成主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。
（3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
补充部分
1. 主动结构表被动意义
open，lock，write，read，sell，wash，
cut，burn，drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可以用主动语态表被动意义。
 This kind of shirt sells well.
2. look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动表被动意义。
例： It smells wonderful.
Mooncakes taste delicious.
3. 在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。
例：This book is worth reading.
4. want/need/require+doing =want/need/require+to be done
例：My bike needs repairing.
=My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理。
课堂练习
（一）改写句子
1. We plant trees in spring every year.
_________________ by us in spring every year.
2. She posted the letter yesterday.
____________________ by her yesterday.
3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present.
_______________a birthday present by Mr. Turner.
5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow.
______________________________ by you tomorrow.
6. She is going to write a letter.
__________________________ by her.
Trees are planted
The letter was posted
I was given
Your homework may be handed in
A letter is going to be written
1. If city noises ____ from increasing, people ____ shout
to be heard even at dinner.   A． are not kept; will have to  B． are not kept; have     C． do not keep; will have to     D． do not keep; have to    2. The fifth generation computers, ____and
perfected now. A. developed B. have developed  C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. --- ____ the sports meet might be put off.     --- Yes, it all depends on the weather.     A． I've been told   B． I've told   C． I'm told      D． I told
A
C
A
4. I need one more stamp before my collection ___.  A. has completed    B. completes  C. has been completed  D. is completed  5. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed
that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.  A. cut      B. are cut  C. are being cut     D. had been cut  6. The new bridge ___ by the end of last month.   A. has been designed         B. had been designed  C. was designed      D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water,
it looks as if it ____.   A. breaks       B. has broken  C. was broken              D. had been broken
D
C
B
C