Using language and reading in workbook
汉语方言分布图
There is no such thing as “standard English”. What people usually mean by this is grammatical English. However, there are many variants of what is considered standard or grammatical ways of saying things. These variants are called dialects. All countries have dialects and because the USA is so large it has many too.
Lead in
standard 标准, 规格
dialect 方言
southern 南部的
midwestern 中西部的
Spanish 西班牙的
New words
play a part 扮演一个角色
eastern 东部的
northwestern 西北方的
recognize 辨认出, 认出
1. Why are there so many dialects in the US?
Because people have come from all over
the world. Geography also plays a part in
making dialects.
It’s believed to be the English spoken on
TV and the radio.
2. What’s the standard English?
Read the passage and answer the questions.
3. Can you tell an interesting or funny story that shows great difference between dialects in Chinese/English?
Example: keys or kiss
One friend of mine was giving an English lesson to a class of adults who had recently come to live in the United States. After placing quite a number of everyday objects on a table he asked various members of the class to give him the ruler, the book, the pen
and so on. The class went very smoothly, and the students seemed interested and serious about the work that they were engaged in until my friend turned to an Italian and said, “Give me the keys.” The man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss (有点手足无措). Seeing this, my friend thought that
the student hadn’t heard him clearly, so he repeated, “Give me the keys.” The Italian shrugged(耸肩) his shoulders. Then, he threw his arms around the teacher’s neck and kissed him on both cheeks.
In China, there are so many local dialects although the government encourage the whole nation to speak putonghua, which regarded as “standard” Chinese. However, local people also speak their own dialects.
Discussion
Work in pairs. Discuss any Chinese dialects you know of or can speak.
1. What is standard English?
什么是标准英语?
standard (n.)标准, 规格 (adj.) 标准的
meet standard 符合标准
standard of living 生活水平
on a standard 根据某一标准
Language points
The mountains are not high ____
world standard.
A. by B. at C. to D. on
2. Believe it or not, there’s no such a
thing as standard English.
信不信由你,世界上没有所谓的标准 英语。
believe it or not 信不信由你
Believe it or not, all the people present have agreed to the plan.
3. This is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员讲极好的英语。
这是一个主从复合句。主句是This is, 从句是由because引导的表语从句: those were expected to speak excellent English. 在表语从句中又含有一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰表语从句的主语those。
当一个句子的主语为this, that或it时， 可以用because引导表语从句。如：
That is because he doesn’t like coffee.
那是因为他不喜欢咖啡。
It may be because the exam was too difficult.
那或许是因为考试太难了。
4. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
然而, 甚至在电视上或收音机里都会听到人们在说话时的差异。
the way后面接定语从句时, 关系代词用that/in which或不用关系代词。
I did it in the way that/in which you taught me.
I don’t like ___ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
5. America English has many dialects, especially the Midwestern, southern, African American and Spanish dialects.
美国英语有很多方言, 尤其是在中西部, 南部, 黑人和西班牙方言。
especially 尤其, 表达事物不寻常或
特别重要
specially 专门(指专为某一目的)
Our garden is beautiful, especially in autumn.
I came here specially to see you.
African
adj. 非洲的
In the new African countries the governments are trying to provide education for adults.
n. 非洲人
Fish is a staple in the diet of
many Africans.
Spanish
adj. 西班牙的 a Spanish dance
n.西班牙语
Do you speak Spanish?
6. Geography also plays a part in making
dialects.
地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。
play a part in的意思是：起重要作用；
扮演角色。
He has played an important part in
saving the girl.
He was invited to play a part in this TV
play.
拓展：play a role in与play a part in的意思相同，常可以互换。表示“扮演角色”还可以用act, act a / the role of等。如：
Who is acting Hamlet?
She is acting the role of Juliet.
[即学即练] 根据括号内的提示，用play a
part in的适当形式完成句子。
1. My friend Jim is looking forward to ______________________（扮演角色的机会）this series.
2. A good diet _______________________
_______________ （在帮助人们长寿方面起着非常大的作用）.
plays a large part in helping people live longer
a chance to play a part in
7. Although many America move a lot,
they still recognize each other’s dialects.
虽然许多美国人经常搬家, 但他们
仍然能够辨认彼此的方言。
recognize意为： 认出，承认，认可 ，常构成短语recognize ... as / to be ...，表示： 把…看做 ； recognize sb. by sth. 表示： 从/根据某物认出某人。
1. I hadn’t seen her for 20 years, but I recognized her as soon as she came into the room.
2. The government refused to recognize the new school.
3. He is recognized to be / as their natural leader.
4. I recognized her by her red hair.
Activity 1 不同学生用家乡方言说出同一句话，体会不同地区的方言；
Activity 2 学生说出他们知道或者听过的方言；
Activity 3 学生讨论以下问题：
Why does the government encourage us to speak Putonghua?
Group activity
The Oxford English Dictionary
Reading task on P51
How it began
1857: The Philological Society of London calls for a new English Dictionary
More work than they thought
1884: Five years into a proposed ten-year project
The Oxford English Dictionary 的历史
One step at a time
1884-1928: The Dictionary is published in fascicles
Keeping it current
1933-1986: Supplements to the OED
Making it modern
1980s: The Supplements are integrated with the OED to produce its Second Edition
Into the electronic age
1992: The first CD-ROM version of the OED is published
The future has begun
The present: The OED is now being fully revised, with new material published in parts online
Do you know who is the writer of
The Oxford English Dictionary?
James Murray, Samuel Johnson,
and Noah Webster.
Samuel Johnson (1709-84)
Noah Webster
James A. H. Murray
hard working, intelligent, determined, etc
Scotland
No formal education,taught
himself while working
Worked in a bank before beginning to compile the OED
Make notes about Murray’s life according to the passage.
compiling the first edition of the OED
Its difficulties:
1 worded in a shed in his garden and behind his house
2 very cold as it was one metre underground
3 no heating; he had to wear a coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm
4 no electric light; he worked at night with candles
Qualities needed:
1 commitment
2 perseverance
3 accuracy
At first just James Murray; later his two daughters; finished by others editors after his death
1928
First edition took forty-four years to compile
I. 根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出该单词的正确形式。
1. His work does not reach the ________ (标准).
2. Do you speak Sichuan _____ (方言)?
3. I’ve been studying _______ (西班牙语) for three months.
standard
dialect
Spanish
4. Though he is young, he can speak e_______ English.
5. L_______ always comes before thunder.
6. We can’t get there by bus, so we have to use the s_____.
excellent
Lightning
subway
II. 请用下列词组的适当形式填空。
believe it or not; be expected to; by underground; pay attention to; play an important part; in the way
1. Some people don’t like to go to work ______________.
2. The headmaster ___________________ in the good running of a school.
by underground
plays an important part
3. ______________, he is really a foreigner.
4. You will _____________ work on Saturdays.
5. Please ______________ the difference between the two words.
pay attention to
Believe it or not
be expected to
根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子。
1. 我承认自己犯了一个错误（recognize）

2. 你在童年时读过的书对你以后的职业选
择会产生一定的影响。（play a part in）
I recognized that I had made a mistake.
The books you read as a child can play a part in the job you have later in life.
3. 我给他们送去鲜花表示感谢。
（expression）
4. 他直接到朋友那儿请求帮助。 （straight）
I sent them fresh flowers as an expression of thanks.
He went straight to his friend to ask for help.
1. Review the words and language points
we have learnt in this unit.
2. Translation
(1)他们已经请求国际援助。
(2)带着有礼貌的微笑, 她走了出去。
(3)他出去工作了半年, 因为有病没能结束
工作就回来了。
(4)他喜欢发号施令, 但没有人愿意听他的。
Homework
Standard English and Dialects
?
How many dialects are there in China?
Dialects family in China
北方方言
吴语
闽南语
客家话
湘语
赣语
粤语
Chinese
Dialects in
Guangdong province
粤方言
客方言
闽方言
代表地区
梅州
代表地区
广州
代表地区
潮汕地区
Warming up – II ( 2m )
Do you think there are some dialects in English?
English dialects in different countries
Britain
The U.S.A
Canada
Australia
India
New Zealand
Fast reading:
What is a dialect?
Detailed Reading
1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text? ( Para 2)
2.Why do people from both Northwestern and Southeastern of U.S. speak with almost the same dialect? (Para 3)
3.Why are there so many dialects in American English?(Para 2 & 3)
1.How many dialects of American English have been listed in the text?
The midwestern, southern, African American, and Spanish dialects.
2.Why do people from both Northwestern and Southeastern of U.S. speak with almost the same dialect?
Because when Americans moved from one place to another, they took their dialects with them.
3.Why are there so many dialect in American English?

That’s because people come from all over the world. And geography plays a part in making dialects.
Words about direction
① southeast, northeast, southwest, northwest, south, north, east, west
② southern, northern, western, eastern, northeastern, southeastern, southwestern, northwestern
1. standard
(1) adj 标准的，第一流的
a car of standard size
a standard writer
(2) n.标准、水准、规范
We should try to raise the standard of living.
提高生活水准
Language points for Readin