UNIT4 主语+谓语+宾补
Ⅰ.写出下列必考单词
1.爆裂，爆发n.＆v. _____________
2.掩埋，埋葬，隐藏 v. ____________
3.灾难，灾祸n. ____________
4.援救，营救n.＆v. ____________
5.废墟,(使)破坏，毁灭vt.& vi. ____________
6.地震n. ____________
7.管,导管n. ____________
8.要点,大纲,轮廓n. ____________
9.报刊的大字标题n. ____________
10.掩蔽,掩蔽处,避身处n. ____________
11.(使)震惊，震动 休克；打击，震惊n.＆v.
____________
burst
bury
disaster
rescue
ruin
earthquake
pipe
outline
headline
shelter
shock
Ⅱ.写出下列单词的变化形式
1.破坏，毁坏，消灭v. ____________
破坏，毁坏n. ____________
破坏性的,毁灭性的adj. ____________
2.荣誉，尊敬n.＆v. ____________
可敬的,值得钦佩的adj. ____________
3.损害，伤害v. ____________
损害，伤害n. ____________
受伤的adj. ____________
destroy
destruction
destructive
.honour
honourable
injure
injury
injured
Ⅱ.写出下列单词的变化形式
4.有……气味v. ____________
气味,味道n. ____________
发臭的，有臭味的adj ____________
5.祝贺,恭贺v. ____________
恭贺,恭喜n. ____________
6.损失,损害n. ____________
赔偿金n. ____________
受损的 adj. ____________
7.利用,用途n.&v. ____________
用法n. ____________
有用的adj. ____________
无用的，无效的adj. ____________
smell
smell
smelly
congratulate
congratulation(s)
damage
damages
damaged
use
usage
useful
useless
【活学活用】（冲刺2010高考）
用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.He was____________to learn his wife was killed in a traffic accident.The news was a terrible ________to him.(shock)
2.Wood is ________ for building houses,while coal can be ________ to keep warm.(useless)
3.I have the ________to introduce Mr.Jones,who is from an ________family.(honour)
shocked
shock
useful/used
used
honour
honourable
4.She is highly intelligent but her work lacks ________. She is not a very ________ woman. (organize)
5.In the crash he was seriously________.He suffered severe ________to the head and arms.(injure)
6.His car ___________in the accident and so he got some ________ from the insurance company (damage)
7.I am well ________for the coming exam as I have done a lot of________ .(prepare)
8.The________ of the railway was a big loss in the storm,which was the most ________in 30 years.(destroy)
organization
organized
injured
injuries
was damaged
damages
prepared
preparation
destruction
destructive
Ⅲ.翻译下列必背短语
1.许多，大量的 ______________
2.对……感到震惊 ______________
3.结束，终结 ______________
4.被围困 ______________
5.以……为自豪 ______________
6.为……筹集资金 ______________
7.掘出，发现 ______________
8.分发，发出(气味，热等) ______________
9.废墟 ______________
10.立刻，马上 ______________
11.成千上万 ______________
12.消失了,不见了 ______________
a (great)number of
be shocked at
at an end
be trapped in/by
be proud of
raise money for
dig out
give out
in ruins
right away
(tens of)thousands of
be gone
【活学活用】（冲刺2010高考）
根据句后的解析，用适当的短语完成下列句子。
1.On her way home,Mary found her necklace ____________. (disappeared,missing)
2.Just wait a few minutes.Well be back____________.(at once)
3.It seemed that the world was____________when he learned that all his savings were gone.（dead,finished）
4.The earthquake left the whole city____________.(destroyed or severely damaged)
5.More than a dozen people____________of the ruins alive after the earthquake.(to remove sb./sth.from somewhere by digging the ground)
6.She____________ the news that her husband was killed in his car in a traffic accident.(being worried or frightened caused by something unexpected and unpleasant)
was gone
right away
at an end
in ruins
were dug out
was shocked at
Ⅳ.重点句型
1.It seemed that the world was at an end!
世界似乎到了末日! 
It seems (to sb)that...（在某人看来）好像,似乎，仿佛觉得，如：It seemed that he didn′t love me at all!
模仿造句
(1)好像没有人知道发生的一切。
【答案】It seemed that nobody knew what had happened.
(2)我好像以前见过他。
【答案】It seems that I have seen him before.
2.There was no stopping the fire.
没有办法扑灭这场大火。
There is no+~ing 分词短语=It is impossible to do sth.没可能做某事
模仿造句
(1)无可否认,你在撒谎。
【答案】There is no denying that you are lying.
(2)没有办法知道未来会是什么样子。
【答案】There is no telling what the future will be like.
Ⅴ.语篇领悟
Several days before July 28,1976,many strange things happened in Tangshan.The water in the village wells __________and fell.The water pipes in some buildings cracked and __________They were signs for the earthquake.But people in the city didnt think much __________these.At 3∶42 a.m that day,the earth began to shake,__________destroyed the city.Many people,__________(include)workers and doctors,came to__________those__________(trap)under the ruins.Later that afternoon,another big quake struck Tangshan.More people__________(kill)or injured and__________buildings fell down.Soldiers were called in to help the rescue workers.Teams were organized to dig out the trapped and__________(bury)the dead.
rose
burst
of
which
including
rescue
trapped
were killed
more
bury
1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.
假设你家的房屋开始摇晃,你必须立刻离开。
【词语拓展】shake作动词时，意思是“震动，摇晃”。熟记下列词组。
(1)shake with因……而颤抖
(2)shake hands with sb与某人握手 
(3)shake on sth握手确认某事
(4)shake ones head摇头
2.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。
【词语拓展】
burst into+sth.突然（进入某种状态或发生某种情况）
burst out+doing sth.突然…起来
burst into laughter=burst out laughing.突然笑起来
burst into tears=burst out crying突然哭起来
burst in（upon）突然打断（插嘴）
burst forth 突然出现（发出）
3.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.(P26)
但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些当回事，当天晚上照常上床睡觉了。
【词语拓展】将下列词组译成英语。
(1)看轻，看不起 ____________
(2)认为……很平常 ____________
(3)重视 ____________
(4)对……高度评价 ____________
think little of/think poorly of
think nothing of
think much of/think well of
think highly of
4.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。
根据括号中的提示完成下列句子，总结ruin的用法和意思。
(1)This island____________(遭到严重破坏)by tourism.
(2)If she loses the court case,it ____________. (她就完了)
(3)A large number of houses____________(被毁)after the earthquake.
(4)Years of fighting have left the area ____________. (一片废墟)
has been ruined
will ruin her
fell into ruin
in ruins
【词语辨析】 ruin destroy damage
ruin 一次性、彻底的毁坏;无可挽回的伤害，但不一定完全毁灭。此外，ruin多用于借喻中，泛指一般的“坏了”。destroy强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉,使之无法复原；有时用于比喻，意为“打破（希望,计划），使失败”。damage损失，损坏；多用于无生命的东西，指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等，不一定全部破坏，损坏了还可以修复；这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的。
The whole temple was destroyed by fire.
整座庙被大火毁于一旦。
Smoking damaged his health.
吸烟损坏了他的健康。
The bad weather ruined our trip.
天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。
5.People were shocked.
人们深感震惊。
根据括号中的提示完成下列句子。
(1)We______________ (对……感到震惊)the news of his death.
(2)The news of his survival the earthquake came as________(震动或令人吃惊的事)
(3)They were________(感到吃惊)when they heard the________(令人吃惊的)news.
【归纳总结】
shock作动词时，意为“使……震惊”；作名词时意为“ 震动，震惊，电击”；
shocking是形容词，意思是“令人震惊的”；shocked的意思是“感到吃惊的”。
were shocked at
a shock
shocked
shocking
6.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
【词语拓展】将下列词组译成英语。
(1)抢救队 ____________
(2)来/去援救某人 ____________
(3)营救某人脱离危险 ____________
a rescue party
come to one’ s rescue
rescue sb.from danger
7.It seemed as if the world was at an end.
好像世界末日到了。
【词语拓展】
at an end 完毕，终了(在句中通常做表语)
come to an end 结束
put an end to 结束（不好的事），制止
in the end 最后，终于
at the end (of)在……的末尾/尽头
8.Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
【词语辨析】injure,wound,hurt
injure 一般指由于意外或事故而受伤；精神上的伤害多用hurt；
wound 一般是指外伤，如枪伤，刀伤，剑伤，尤指在战争战斗中受伤。
hurt 最常用，既可指肉体也可指精神上的伤害，可做不及物动词，表 “疼痛,引起疼痛”。
(1)The player got injured in his/the left leg.(=The player injured his left leg.)
这选手的左腿受伤。
(2)I’m hurt not to have been invited.
没有邀请我，我很不痛快。
(3)I hurt my back lifting that box.
我抬那个箱子的时候伤了后背。
(4)In a war there are more wounded than killed.
在一场战争中，受伤的远比死亡的人多。
阅读中的猜词技巧 ——因果法
【技巧点拨】
有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as the result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。有时利用动词(如lead to，cause，result in，result from，bring about等)表达因果关系。
1.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
2.Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.
【解析】
1.由“无水”之因，可推知花会“枯萎、凋谢”之果。因此，wither意为“枯萎、凋谢”。
2.从he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others可看出他是一个“独裁的/专制的/专横的” administrator。
阅读中的猜词技巧（4）
根据同等关系猜测词义
【技巧点拨】
同等关系指一组词在句中作同一成分，且它们的词义属于同一义域，这些词常用and或or来连接。如：
At fifty he is in his prime of life and always full of energy.
根据full of energy可判断出in his prime of life的意思为“最好的时候、精力旺盛之际”。
如何写好简单句（4）
英语的基本句型5：
Ｓ+Ｖ（及物）+Ｏ（宾语）+Ｃ（宾补）如： 
What he said made me very sad and disappointed.
(形容词作宾补)
他说的话让我感到伤心、失望。
Suddenly I heard my neighbour shouting and laughing loudly.