Unit 5 Nelson Mandela
语言知识点与运用
例:Modesty is one of his good qualities.
谦虚是他的美德之一.
We should keep the fine qualities of the working people. 我们应该保持劳动人民的优良品质。
1. quality n. 品质(用于人)
2. mean adj.
1. 吝啬的,小气的[(+about/over/with)]
Her husband is very mean about money.
她的丈夫在金钱上很吝啬。
2. 卑鄙的,心地不好的[(+to)]
That was a mean trick!
那是一个卑劣的诡计!
3. active adj.
1. 活跃的;活泼的
Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.
布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。
2. 积极的;勤奋的
He became an active social reformer.
他成了一位积极的社会改革家。
3. 在活动中的;在进展中的
Mount Vesuvius is an active volcano.
维苏威是一座活火山。
4. generous adj.
①. 慷慨的,大方的[(+with/in/to)]
She is generous in giving help.
她乐于助人。
He was generous to everybody with money.
他在金钱上对每个人都很大方。
②.宽宏大量的,宽厚的[(+to/towards)]
He is generous towards his subordinates.
他待部属很宽厚。
③.大量的;丰富的;丰盛的
She gave me a generous lunch.
她请我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。
自私的,利己主义的;只顾自己的
She is a selfish girl.
她是个自私自利的女孩。
5. selfish adj.
6. devoted adj.
1. 献身的;虔诚的;专心致志的
He was still devoted to the study of chemistry. 他仍专心研究化学。
2. 忠实的;挚爱的
Mrs. Jones had a very devoted husband.
琼斯太太有一位忠实的丈夫。
7. die for 为某种事业或目的而死
die for one’s country/ the people/ the cause.
die of 死于内因
die from 死于外因
die from a car accident.
由于车祸而死
die by 死于暴力, 刀或剑等凶器
die by the sword/hanging.
be dying for 极想得到...
She is dying for a cup of water. die through carelessness 因过失而死
die…down 凋落, 消失
die away 消失（渐渐远去）
The sound died away. 声音渐渐远去。
die out 绝种
This kind of animal is dying out.
8. found vt.
1. 建立;建造
The pilgrims founded a colony in Plymouth.
清教徒们在普利茅斯创建了一个殖民地。
2. 创立,创办
They founded a college.
他们创办了一所大学。
9. believe in
1. 信仰
Christians believe in Jesus.
基督徒信仰耶稣。
2. 信任
We believe in him.
我们信任他。
3. 相信...的效用
Jim believes in fresh air and morning exercises.
吉姆坚信新鲜空气及早操有益处。
He won’t give up the experiment even if he has failed many times.
His father has given up smoking.
This is a good idea. You shouldn’t give it up.
She gave up her job to look after her mother．
10. give up + n./ pron/ v-ing
只能接动名词作宾语的动词
avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, suggest, stop, feel like, give up, can’t help, can’t stand
Do not talk (in) that way.
(In) this way, you can remember the spelling.
Don’t stand in the /my way.
He is better in some way (s).
He picked a pen on the way to school.
11. in a peaceful way
以和平的方式
那样
这样
碍事
在某些方面
在往…的路上
12. fight against/for/with
The soldiers fought bravely _______ the enemy ___ the liberation ____ their comrades.
against
for
with
13. be…away有…远(指距离、时间)
1) 我家离这里只有两条街。
My house is only 2 blocks away from here.
2) 他的生日在两周以后。
His birthday is two weeks away.
in two weeks.
1) 她整天往外跑你不担心吗？
Doesn’t it worry you that she spends so much time away from home?
2) 不要发愁。
Don’t worry yourself.
14. worry vt.
worry sb. that 使某人担心
worry oneself 使自己担心
worry vi.
worry about=be worried about 担心
worry over sth. 因某事担心
1) 他担心考试不及格？
He worried that he would fail the exam.
2) 因为担心孩子的病，她瘦了。
She lost weight because she worried about her son’s illness.
1) I’m worried ______ her driving the car tonight on the wet road. A. of B. about C. on D. at
2) His dangerous driving always _______ me. A. worry about B. worries about C. worried about D. worries
15. be out of work/job
= lose one’s job = be unemployed
失业, 没有工作
His mother has been out of work for half a year.
in work 有工作
Is her husband in work?
out of 意为“在…之外”,“向…外”;表示失去,没有,用完;不再处于某种状况。反义词为into或in。
① The little boy ran out of the room.
② He took my books out of my schoolbag.
③ Don’t run into the room.
④ Can you put your raincoat in your pocket?
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of patience 不耐烦
out of petrol 汽油用完了
out of use 没用了
out of order 出故障了
out of control 失控了
out of danger 脱离危险了
out of sight 看不见了
out of fashion 不时兴
out of date 过时
out of repair 无法修葺
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。
16. as … as+主语+can/could 尽可能, 尽量
= as … as + possible
He was running as fast as he could. =He was running as fast as possible.
You must speak English as often as you can. =You must speak English _________________.
as often as possible
They did the experiment as carefully as they could. =They did the experiment ___________________.
Try to make as few mistakes as you can. =Try to make _______________________.
as carefully as possible
as few mistakes as possible
某些动词(see, find, witness等)主语有时不是人而是物, 即拟人用法, 使句子生动。
1) This old house has seen good days.
2) Dusk (黄昏) found a boy crying in the street.
17. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of…
3) Oct 1,1949, saw/ witnessed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.
18. ... until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
[考点] 定语从句中关系副词where的用法
[考例] Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ______ sight matters more than hearing. (天津 2007)
A. when B. whose
C. which D. where
[点拨] 题意为“那些成功的聋人舞蹈家认为舞蹈是一项视觉比听觉更为重要的活动”。先行词activity后跟定语从句，从句中where作地点状语，意为“在那种活动中，在那种情况或场合下”。
19. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.
[考点] 定语从句中in + which的用法。
[考例] Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes ______ people were eaten by the tiger.
A. that B. by which
C. which D. in which
[点拨] 由四个选项可知空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。定语从句意为：people were eaten by the tiger in the scene，所以应选D项。
20. put sb. in (into) prison
把……关进监狱
be sent to prison (被送进监狱)
be in prison (在监狱里)
be thrown into prison (被投入监狱)
break prison (越狱)
prison表示蹲监狱时, 其前不用冠词
throw sb. into prison= send /take sb. to prison
He had been in prison for 20 years .
The man was put in prison for stealing a car.
Anyone who breaks the law should be thrown into prison.
They all went to the prison to visit the prisoners.
类似: bed, church, class, college, hospital,
school, university, market
21. either... or...
(两者之中)…或… (之一)
You may stay either in a hotel or in a private house.
I want to visit either Paris or London.
Either you or I am wrong.
Either of the boys likes singing.
Either day is OK.
neither…nor…
He has neither money nor social position.
Neither parent cares what happens to the child.
Neither of the boys likes to play such a game.
both…and…
Both he and I are wrong.
Both of the boys like singing.
① accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。
receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。
I received his letter of invitation, but I didn't accept it.
22. accept 与 receive的区别：
② accept 还表示“答应”、“同意”、“认同”
He asked her to marry him and she accepted.
③ receive 还表示“接待”、“接收”、“欢迎”
She was received into the club. 
---Have you_____ the invitation to the party?
---Yes, I have. And I've ________it. A. accepted, received　 B. received, accepted C. received, received　 D. accepted, accepted
23. attack vt.
1). 进攻,袭击
The enemy attacked our airport all night.
敌人彻夜都在攻击我们的机场。
2). (努力地)着手干
He tried to attack the problem from different angles.
他试着从各个角度来着手解决这个问题.
24. as a matter of fact 事实上
As a matter of fact, I've never been there before. 事实上我从未到过那儿。
25. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
[考点] equal相等的、平等的
[考例] Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ______ importance are skills.
(天津 2006)
A. fair B. reasonable
C. equal D. proper
[点拨] 本题考查形容词作定语的用法。注意: but后的分句为倒装句, 正常语序为 ... but skills are of at least ______ importance。实际上是把skills和fitness作对比，强调二者同等重要（equal importance）。句意为“虽然健康的体格是从事体育运动的重要条件，但是掌握技能至少也是同等重要的”。
26. in trouble处于困境
与 get into trouble意思相近。
He is a kind friend to everyone in trouble. 他是每一个患难人的好朋友.
27. be willing to do sth. 愿意干某事
willing adj. 愿意的,乐意的
They are willing to come.
他们愿意来。
28. turn to 求助于;转向
We can turn to him for help.
我们可以求助于他。
turn to还可以相当于一个不及物动词，意为“努力干，加劲干”。
[拓展] 常见的含turn的其他短语：
turn down 拒不接受; 把(音量等)调低
turn off 关上
turn on 打开
turn up 出现
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. I always ______ Frank whenever I am in trouble here.
A. turn off B. turn to
C. turn down D. turn on
2. He was poor but proud, and ______ every offer of help.
A. turned on B. turned to
C. turned off D. turned down
B
D
3. Father is sleeping in the next room. Would you please ______ the radio?
A. turn off B. turn to
C. turn up D. turn on
A
I. 用所给词组的适当形式填空。（有多余选项）
out of work; as a matter of fact; blow up; in trouble; break the law; be willing to; turn to; put in prison; be far from
1. The little girl __________ a balloon and threw it into the air.
2. The post office is not __________ the library, so you can go to the library after posting the letters.
blew up
far from
练习
3. When I am __________, I always ask my friends for help.
4. Mary has been __________ for three months, and she is looking for a new job.
5. With no one to __________ in the dark street, I felt very frightened.
6. Don’t ask me about the matter. ________________, I know nothing about it.
in trouble
out of work
turn to
As a matter of fact
7. He was ____________ for attacking a man with a knife.
8. I told them that I ______________ help them finish the difficult task.
was willing to
put in prison
II. 根据括号内所给的提示翻译下列句子。
女孩应该与男孩一样享有平等受教育的权利。 (equal)
2. 吉姆在公园遭到了一名男子的袭击，幸运的是，他没有受伤。(attack)
Girls should enjoy equal rights to be educated as boys.
Jim was attacked by a man in the park. Luckily, he wasn’t injured.
3. 在过去的十年里中国农村发生了巨大的变化。(sth. see ... )
The last / past ten years have seen great changes happening in the countryside of China.
Translation on Page 70
1. As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in troub