必修1　
Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
1. 在……积极 ____________________
2. 把….用于,致力于 _____________________
3. 事实上 ______________________
4. 求助于，查(字典) ______________________
5. 灰心 ______________________
6. 当权，上台(执政) ______________________
7. 被判处……(徒刑) _______________________
be active in
devote ... to (doing) sth
as a matter of fact
turn to
lose heart
come to power
be sentenced to
8. 受良好教育 _________________
9. put…in prison _________________
10.reach a stage _________________
11.blow up _________________
12.be willing to do sth.________________
13.answer violence with violence_____________
14.be in trouble ___________________
be well educated
将……关进监狱
处于……的阶段
使充气；使爆炸;生气
乐意做某事
用暴力反抗暴力
有麻烦，处于困难中
1．equal vt. 等于；抵得上
adj. 相等的；胜任的
n. 同等/相等的人或物
equality n. 平等
A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B
be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于与……相等；胜任，能干
be equal in在…方面相等
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
1.equal adj. 相等的；平等的　n．同等/相等的人或物
v.与…相等,等于
be equal to胜任；相等；合适
(1)All men are born equal .
(2)她能胜任该项工作。
She ________ the task.
派生 (3)________ adv.平等地，同等地
(4)________ n．平等，同等
(5)________ adj.不相等的，不平等的
人人生而平等。
is equal to
equally
equality
unequal
从下面例子中对比感悟：
He is well­educated, so he is fit for the job.
He is well­educated, so he is fit to do the job.
He is well­educated, so he is equal to the job.
He is well­educated, so he is equal to doing the job.
它们句式搭配不一样：
be fit for ＋ n. / to do sth. be equal to ＋ n. / doing sth.
2.escape v.逃跑，逃脱；被忘掉 ，被忽视
escape from sth.从……中逃脱
escape sth./doing sth.
have a narrow escape
避免了做……
九死一生
[即学即练5]　(1)The bird has _____________ its cage.
小鸟已从笼中逃掉了。
(2)Is the gas ____________ somewhere?
是不是有地方漏气？
(3)How can we escape ___________/______________？
我们怎样才不会被人发现？(observe)
escaped from
escaping
observation
being observed
6.come to power=come into power当权;执政
be in power 执政；掌权
lose power 下台
翻译：1933年，爱因斯坦在希特勒掌握了大权时离开了德国。
Einstein left Germany when Hitler
_______________________.
came to power in 1933
联想：请填入适当的名词完成下列短语。
⑴ come into ________开始使用
⑵ come into _________ 开始生效
⑶ come into _________ 开始运转;开始运作
operation
use
effect
devote
vt. (与 to 连用)献身；专心于
devote oneself to 献身于，致力于
devote ..to把…用于
devoted adj. 热爱的；忠诚的
sb be devoted to________________
1专心于;2热爱
.
.blow up
观察下列句子，并说出blow up的含义。
(1)I have to get my front tire blown up. .
(2)The terrorists blew up the government buildings.
.
(3)When he asked the day off，the manager blew up. ________
使充气；打气
(使)爆炸；炸毁
生气
1．out of work 失业(＝out of a job/ jobless)
根据汉语意思，完成英文句子。
(1)他失业两年了。
He’s for two years.
提示 表示“失业”的out of work是介词短语，与be连用，可与时
间段连用；而lose one’s job是瞬间短语动词，不可与时间段连
用。
been out of work
拓展 填入适当的名词。
(3)out of ________ 混乱的；出故障的
(4)out of ________ 身材不好；变形
(5)out of ________ 看不到
(6)out of ________ 过时的，过期的
(7)out of ________ 失去控制
(8)out of ________ 脱离危险
(9)out of ________ 出于兴趣
(10)out of ________ 出于好意
order
shape
sight
date
control
danger
interest
kindness
reward
n. 报酬；奖金；vt. 酬劳，奖赏
reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 为(做)某事而报答某人
reward sb. with sth. 用某物奖赏某人
as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
拓展
award vt.奖励 n．奖品
award sb. sth.使某人获得……奖品
sth. be awarded to sb. 某物被授予某人
.
reward /award /prize
(1)reward 指对因为某人做了某事或是对某人的服务等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓住罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的奖金、酬金。
(2)award指正式或官方“给予，颁发，授予(奖章，奖金等)”，往往用来奖励在工作中达到一定成就的人，重在强调荣誉而不在于奖品的大小或奖金的多少，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的多少。
(3)prize多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的“奖，奖品”。
(1) His movie won several ______ at the film festival, which was beyond his wildest dream.
A. rewards B. awards C. prizes D. gains
B　考查名词语义辨析。根据语境，它注重的是对工作成就上的奖励，所以答案是B。
We will offer a(n)______ of ten thousand dollars for information about the case.
A. award B. prize C. reward D. praise
C　考查名词语义辨析。根据语境，它侧重对做某事的奖赏，所以答案是C。
The girl got nothing in______for her kindness, which made her very sad.
A. prize B. award C. medals D. reward
D　考查名词语义辨析和搭配。按照句意应该是做好事的报答，in reward for 为……报答。
⑴ The beauty of the West Lake ______ me.

⑵ The Japanese ________ China in 1937.
4.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
比较：attract vt. 吸引
运用：用attack或attract填空。
attacked
attracts
beg sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事
beg for sth.请求得到
beg sb. for sth.向某人恳求某物
beg sb’s pardon请求某人原谅(句子读降调)；求某人重复所说的话(句子读升调.)
6.beg vt. 请求；乞求；乞讨 vi.请求；乞求
派生：beggar n 乞丐；乞讨者
运用：用适当的词填空或按提示完成句子。
⑴ The prisoner beg _____ mercy.

⑵ She gave the_______ (beg)some money.

⑶ 我请求你不要把那件事告诉我父亲。
I beg you _____________________________.
not to tell my father about that
for
beggar
Ⅱ.重点句型详解
1．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那时我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only 修饰状语，为了强调而提到句首时，句子要用部分倒装形式，把原句中的情态动词、系动词或助动词提到主语前面。only 如修饰从句而提到句首，主句要部分倒装。
①Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.
直到那时他才意识到自己犯的错误。
②Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只有通过每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。
③Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.
只有用上你全部的时间和精力你才能把这项工作做好。
④Only when I came back was I informed of the news.
直到我回来，我才被通知这个消息。
⑤Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上大学。
(1)谓语动词进行部分倒装而非完全倒装。如：
×Only after the war learned he the sad news.
√Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
(2)only 修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：
×Only when did he return did we find out the truth.
√Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
(3)only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：
×Only can he answer the question.
√Only he can answer the question.
名词词组，副词做连词
(1)each time, every time, next time, the first time, last time, any time 等也可以做连词用，表示“每次”“下次”“上次”“无论何时” 等，引导一个时间状语从句。

Every time he comes here,he will give me a present。
I didn't have any penny last time I saw you.
上次我看见你时，我身无分文。
(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用为连词，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。
The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那个年轻人一听到声响就冲出了大厅。
(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名词短语也可用做连词，也相当于 as soon as，表示“一……就……”。
The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.
王教授一出现在讲台上，听众就站起来热烈鼓掌。
(4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示时间段的名词短语也可以引导时间状语从句。
The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.
那天早晨史密斯先生在湖边散步时遇到了一位老朋友。
仿写：将下列句子译成英语。

⑴ 我第一次见到他，就不得不为他的敬业精神所震撼。
___________________________，I was amazed at his devotion to his career.
The first time I saw him
(1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring ______ she read it.
A．at the first time B．the first time
C．for the first time D．at first
答案：B
解析：the first time“第一次时”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)My sister came ______ she got my short message.
A．exactly B．especially
C．directly D．simply
答案：C
解析：directly＝as soon as“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。
(3)He left Europe ______ World War Ⅱ broke out.
A．the year B．in the year
C．during the year D．for the year
答案：A
解析：the year“在……这一年”，引导时间状语从句。
1. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping
our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where
we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺
我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什
么权利都没有的阶段。
点拨 此处The last thirty years have seen...是一种拟人化的
写作手法，以增加句子的表现力。see意为“(在某段时期或某地)
发生，经历，经受”。(find ,witness)
(1)接下来的几年里发生了一系列的粮食欠收。
The next few years .
(2)五世纪见证了西方罗马帝国的灭亡。
____________________ the end of the Roman Empire in the west.
(3)这个城市在过去的十年间已经经历了多次的变革。
in the last ten years.
saw a series of bad harvests
The 5th century saw
The city has seen many changes