Unit 4 words
1. protection n. [U]保护，防御
protection n.→protect v.→protective adj.
protect...against/from...
保护……免受……的伤害
You should turn to your teacher for
protection if you are in danger.
如果你处于危险中，你应该向你的老师
寻求保护。
【知识拓展】
under the protection of 在……的保护下
give / provide protection 提供保护
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳眼镜，以保护他的眼睛免受强光的照射。
2.decrease
(1) vi.& vt.减少；(使)变小；或变少
Car sales are decreasing.
汽车销量正在减少。
The number of traffic accidents has decreased.
交通事故的数量已经减少了。
(2) n. 减少；减小
increase v.& n.增加；增大
There has been a decrease in the number of
students this year.
今年学生人数已经减少。
→
【知识拓展】

decrease v.

decrease n．
This kind of bird is _________.
dying out
Many traditional customs ______________because they are out of date.
die away 慢慢消失
He hid behind the door until the
footsteps_____________.
have died
died away
3. die out （动，植物物种）灭绝
out
拓展
die from 因(受伤、意外事故等外部
原因)而死亡

die of 因(疾病、饥饿、情感等内部原
因)而死亡

die off 相继死去

die down (火焰、风暴等)逐渐变弱；
逐渐平息；逐渐暗淡
运用 用适当的介词或副词填空
①Now many wild plants and animals are
in danger of dying________.
②The firefighters fought against the forest fire
and it finally died __________.
③The noise of the car died ________ in the
distance.
④The family members died ________ the war.

⑤The poor woman ________ hunger.
out
down
away
from
died of
4. loss n.损失；遗失；丧失

He suffered a loss of 10,000 dollars on the business.
那笔生意中，他损失了10,000美元。

at a loss 困惑，不知所措
For a moment she was at a loss how to reply to the question.
有好一会儿，她不知道该如何回答这个问题。
5．hunt vi.& vt.打猎；猎取；搜寻
Winter is the best time for hunting in mountainous areas.
冬季是山区狩猎的最佳时间。
He spent the whole day hunting deer.
他一整天都在打鹿。
I've hunted everywhere for my watch but I can't find it.
我到处找我的手表，就是找不到。
【知识拓展】　
hunter 猎人
hunting n．狩猎运动
go hunting 去打猎
hunt for 搜索；追寻；寻找
He is hunting for a job.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
You've at last come，dear！I've been ________ (hunt) for you everywhere. Where have you been all this afternoon?
解析　hunt for寻找。
答案　hunting
6. in peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
(常作状语或补语)
On the whole, the world now is ________.
in peace
拓展
at peace 和平的(常作表语，与at war 相对)

at peace with 与……和平相处
①The villagers live ______________(和平地)．

②For centuries, the countries have been
_________________ (与……和平相处) each
other.
in peace
at peace with
7．in danger (of) 在危险中；垂危
He drove so fast that I really felt my life was in danger.
他开车开得飞快，我真的觉得有生命危险。
【巧学助记】
in danger dangerous
完成句子
她伤得很重，随时有失去生命的危险。
She was badly wounded and ______________________ at
any time.
in danger of losing her life
The doctors say he is now out of danger.
医生说他现在已 脱 离 危 险。
As far as I’m concerned，he is a danger to
society.
就我而言，他是社会的危险分子。
The bridge is_______so the cars on it are_______.
A．dangerous；dangerous
B．dangerous；in danger
C．in danger；dangerous
D．in danger；in danger
解析：。dangerous表示所修饰词对他人造成危险；in danger表示所修饰词本身处于危险中。
B
8．respond vi. 回答；响应；做出反应
典例 He hasn't responded to my letter yet.
他还没有回我的信。
respond to...对……作出回答
respond to… with sth.
by doing sth.
以……对……做出反应/回答
She _____________ my letter __________
(以……对……做出回复) a phone call.
responded to
with
9. distant adj.远的；远处的
The school is three miles distant from the town.
那个学校离城三英里。
in the distance 在远处
I could see the light in the distance.
我能看见远处的灯光。
10. relief n. (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；
减轻痛苦的事物
relief from sth. 减轻……
The drug gives some relief from pain.
这种药可以减轻一些痛苦。
拓展
in relief 如释重负；松了口气
(much) to one's relief
＝to one's great relief
使某人安心/宽慰的是
①________________________ (使他父母
很欣慰的是), he passed the exam.

② When his son came home at last, he was
_________.(松了口气)
Much to his parents' relief
in relief
11．burst into 突然……起来；闯入……
To my surprise, Ben suddenly burst into laughter.
令我惊讶的是，本突然大笑了起来。
The police burst into the room and arrested him.
警察突然闯进房间逮捕了他。
拓展
burst into laughter /tears/ flames/ cheers/ song
＝burst out laughing/crying/burning/cheering/singing
突然笑起来/哭起来/燃烧起来/欢呼起来/唱起来
①They were so moved that they ___________
_________________________________.
(哭了起来)．

②The crowd ___________________________
__ (一片欢呼)．
burst into tears/burst out crying
burst into cheers/burst out cheering
牛刀小试
(1)When the girl learnt that her boyfriend was ______ in the earthquake, she ______.
A．injured；burst in tear
B．killing；burst into tears
C．still alive；burst into tears
D．missing；burst into laughter
解析：be still alive还活着；
burst into tears突然哭起来。
C
(2)One minute she burst into_______and the next burst out________.
A．crying；laughter
B．tears；laughing
C．tear；laughter
D．crying；laughing
解析：burst into tears＝burst out crying突然哭起来；burst into laughter＝burst out laughing突然笑起来。
B
12. mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
ask for mercy 乞求宽恕
without mercy 残忍地，毫无同情心地
at the mercy of sb./sth.
任由某人/某物摆布或控制
show mercy to sb. 对某人起了怜悯之心
e.g. They showed mercy to their enemies.
他们对敌人很仁慈。
完成句子
他们在海上迷失了方向，任由风和天气的摆布。
They were lost at sea，_________________ wind and weather.
at the mercy of
13. certain adj.意为确定的；某一；一定
可表示“某个，某些，某种”，常用作定语，如：for certain reasons，a certain Mr. Brown。
品味经典
①For certain (some) reasons / a certain reason，he didn’t come.
因某些/某个原因，他没来。
②I’m certain that a certain/some Mr. Smith is asking for you.
我确定有个史密斯先生在找你。
主语 + be certain + that ...
make certain 弄明白，弄清楚，弄确实
I think there’s a bus at 8 but you’d better call to make certain.
好像8点有一班公共汽车，不过你最好打电话弄清楚。
be certain to do sth. ……一定会做某事
He is certain to pass the exam.
＝It’s certain that he’ll pass the exam.
他一定会通过这次考试。
It is certain that ... …是一定的，…是有把握的
It is certain that they will agree to the plan.
他们肯定会同意这项计划。
be certain of / about sth.
对某事有把握，确信某事
牛刀小试
It’s quite ________that Mr.Smith will be present at the meeting.
A．certain B．sure
C．certainly D．surely
解析：certain可用it作形式主语，而sure则不可。It is certain that...确信……
A
14. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
contains vt. 包含；容纳；容忍
品味经典
①How much water do you think this bottle
contains?
你认为这个瓶子能盛多少水？
② She was unable to contain her excitement.
她无法控制内心的激动。
易混辨析
某物为整体的一部分或要
素,常使用“including＋sth.
(=sth.＋included) 的结构。
1. My mother was unable to ________ her anger.
2. The bottle ________ two glasses of beer.
3. The health club ________ a gym, a swimming pool and a locker room.
4. The whole book _________ 12 units, _________ two tests.
contain
contains
includes
including
contains
用contain和include的适当形式填空。
5. This atlas ________ 40 maps, ________ 3 of the Great Britain.

解析　句意：这本地图集由四十幅地图组成，其中包括三幅大不列颠地图。所以第一个空用 contain，第二个空用 including。
contains
including
Twenty­ three people，including three babies，were injured in the traffic accident.
＝Twenty­ three people，three babies included，were injured in the traffic accident.
包括三个婴儿在内，二十三个人在这次交通事故中受伤。
15. affect vt.影响；感动；侵袭
Their opinion will not affect my decision.
他们的意见不会影响我的决定。
He was deeply affected by my words.

听了我的话他很感动。
The illness has affected her body.

疾病已侵入她的身体。
牛刀小试
With the government’s aid，those ____
by the earthquake have moved to the
new settlements.
A．affect B．affecting
C．affected D．were affected
解析：考查非谓语的用法。those与affect之间是被动和完成的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
C
16. appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到
We appreciate your helping us.
我们感谢你们的帮助。
★appreciate one's doing sth.
感激某人做某事
①I am afraid you __________________
( 还没有意识到) the importance of the
matter.
②We would ____________________
(感谢您的到来)．
haven't appreciated
appreciate your coming
16. appreciate
e.g. That’s because you
can’t appreciate music.
vt. 欣赏
e.g. We appreciate that
caring for children
is an important job.
vt. 意识到，理解
appreciate后常跟从句。
I’d appreciate _____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
A．that B．it
C．this D．you
解析：考查appreciate后加it再加if从句。句意为：如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。
B
【完成句子】
①I really appreciate _________(have) time to relax with you here.
②I would appreciate it ________(until/ if/ when/ that) you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.
③I would appreciate_____________ (you keep) it a secret.
having
if
your keeping
appreciation n．感激
17．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；继任

If you work hard you will succeed.
如果你努力工作，你就会成功。
success n. 成功,成功的人或事
successful adj.成功的；有成就的
successfully adv. 成功地
(2011年福州高一检测)What______ fun it is to watch the movie！I think it is_____ great success.
A．a；a B．a；/
C．/；a D．/；/
解析：fun“乐事”，为不可数名词，不加冠词；success在此处抽象意义转换为具体意义，意为“成功的事”。
C
succeed
Jim finally _________________ (成功通过) the test of piano.
succeeded in passing
★succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
The younger man will succeed Mr. White
as director.
那位年轻点的男士将接替怀特先生当主任。
用succeed的适当形式以及适当的介词填空
①Jay Chou is a great__________ a singer.
②Liu Xiang _____________getting a gold medal in the National Games in 2009.
③She succeeded______the throne(王位)in 1958.
④As a teacher，he is___________.
success as
succeeded in
to
successful
18. employ
vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)；

employ sb. as/to be...　
雇用……任……
be employed to do sth.　
受雇用做某事
employ oneself in ＝be employed in
从事……；忙于……
He employed the young man as his driver.
他雇用那年轻人当司机。
They employ their spare time to learn the knowledge of computer.
他们用空闲时间学习计算机知识。
My father employs himself in teaching English.
我爸爸从事英语教学。
employer n. 雇用者，雇主，老板
employee n．受雇者，雇员，雇工
19．harm
(1) n.损害；危害
(2) vt. 损害；危害
do harm to... 对……有害
mean no harm to... 对……没有恶意
harmful adj.有害的
be harmful to... 对……有害
(常用于口语