1．gain
(1)vt.获得；赢得；得到
(2)vt.& vi. 获利，增加；(钟表)走得快
(3)vt. 抵达；到达
(4)n.[U] 获益；盈利；[C]利润；好处
She gained high grades in English and maths.
她的英语和数学得了高分。
The clock gained 5 minutes.这表快五分钟。
She gained 10kg in weight.她的体重增加了10千克。
We cut a path through the forest and gained the river next day.我们穿过森林中的小路，翌日来到河边。
No pains，no gains.(谚)不劳无获。
同类辨析
gain，win与get
(1)gain指在斗争、竞争中作出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定价值。
(2)win含有取胜的一方具有优越的特质或条件而能克服各种障碍的意思，意为“赢得”。
(3)get为普通词，有时指不一定需要努力就能得到。
【链接训练】
The Bull team ________the football match and they ________much experience in playing football.
A．gained；got B．won；gained
C．won；won D．gained；obtained
【解析】　gain主要指通过斗争、竞争或劳动得到的优势、经验等；win一般指在竞争中获胜，其宾语多为比赛、竞争等。
【答案】　B
2．award
归纳拓展
(1)award作动词用是及物动词，意为“授予，奖给，判给”，后多接双宾语，award sth.to sb./award sb. sth.奖给某人某物，在多数场合下用其被动形式be awarded for...因……而被奖励。
(2)award用作名词，意为“奖，奖品；奖金”。
He was awarded the prize for being the fastest runner.
他因跑得最快而被授予奖品。
The judge awarded a large sum of money to those hurt by the fire.法官判给在火灾中受伤的人一大笔钱。
The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award.
奥林匹克获胜者获得了一枚金牌作为奖励。
同类辨析
award，prize与reward
(1)award既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。
(2)prize为名词，多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖品，这种奖赏有的凭能力获得，有的凭运气获得。
(3)reward既可作动词也可作名词，指对某人的工作或服务等的报答，也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、酬金。构成短语reward sb.with sth.用……酬谢某人。
He got the highest award in the contest.
他得到了比赛的最高奖。
A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.奖品给了那个获得中奖号码的人。
A ￡100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace.已悬赏100英镑找寻项链。
【链接训练】
The young engineer was ________ a gold cup because of his creative achievements for the development of the company.
A．awarded B．admitted
C．applied D．accepted
【解析】　考查动词的用法。award意为“颁发；授予”，其他选项不与a gold cup搭配。
【答案】　A
3．admire vt.钦佩；赞赏；羡慕某人(或某物)；夸奖(某人/某物)
归纳拓展
(1)admire sb./sth.for因……而钦佩、羡慕某人/某物
(2)admiring adj.赞赏的；羡慕的
admirable adj.可钦佩的，值得赞赏的
admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
in admiration of对……表示钦佩
have admiration for sb./sth.羡慕、钦佩某人/物
watch/gaze in admiration 赞赏地观看/凝视着
admirer n．[C]赞赏者；羡慕者；爱慕某女子的男子
Visitors to Beijing admire the Bird's Nest for its beauty.
到北京的游客都赞赏鸟巢的美。
Aren't you going to admire my new house?
你难道不想夸夸我的新房子吗？
I am not a great admirer of her work.
我对她的工作不太欣赏。
We had great admiration for his courage.
我们非常敬佩他的勇气。
【链接训练】
We all ________ her ________the way she saved the children from the fire.
A．admired；to B．admired；for
C．admired；in D．admired；at
【解析】　考查admire的用法。admire sb. for sth.“因……而钦佩某人”。句意为：我们都非常钦佩她从火场里救孩子们的行为。
【答案】　B
4．apologiz(s)e vi.道歉，辩白
归纳拓展
(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因……向某人道歉
apologize for oneself为自己辩解或辩护
apologize to sb.＋that­clause向某人道歉
(2)apology n．道歉
make an apology to sb.for (doing) sth.因……向某人道歉
accept/refuse one's apology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
owe sb.an apology应向某人道歉
I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.
＝I made an apology to her for stepping on her foot.
我因踩到她的脚而向她道歉。
Be honest.Please don't apologize for yourself.
诚实点，别再为自己开脱了。
It's wise and considerate to accept others' apology.
有时候接受别人的道歉是明智的和体谅人的。
【链接训练】
①You should have ________ to your roommate，John.What you said yesterday hurt him deeply.
A．apologized B．wept
C．lied D．promised
【解析】　apologise to sb.意为“向某人道歉”。句意为：约翰，你应该向你的舍友道歉，你昨天说的话深深地伤害了他。
【答案】　A
②The captain ________ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A．made B．said
C．put D．passed
【解析】　make an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.＝apologize to sb. for (doing) sth.是固定搭配，表示“因(做)某事向某人道歉”。
【答案】　A
5．remind vt.提醒，使想起
归纳拓展
remind sb.of/about sb./sth.使某人想起某人/某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that/how/what...提醒某人……/使某人想起……
The film reminded me of the old days.
这部电影使我想起了过去的岁月。
Remind me to attend the meeting tomorrow.
明天提醒我参加会议。
He reminded me that I should take the medicine on time.
他提醒我要按时服药。
同类辨析
remind，remember 与 recall
(1)remind 指某人或某事使主人公“联想起”另外的人或事，用于 remind sb.of...结构中。
(2)remember 主要表示“还记得、记住了过去发生的事情”，指事物自然在记忆中出现，不包含意志；但与 can 或 could 连用时，其所接宾语及意义与 recall 基本一致。但remember的主语必须是人。
(3)recall 指有意识地“回忆，回想”，强调其动作包含有意识的努力或意志，常与 can 或 could 连用。
【链接训练】
I must ________ your promise ________ you won't be late again.
A．remind you for；why B．remind you to；in which
C．remind you of；that D．remind you；which
【解析】　考查固定短语。remind sb. of...“使某人想起……”；promise后是that引导的同位语从句，解释说明promise的内容。
【答案】　C
1．take place 发生；举行
同类辨析
happen，take place，occur 与 break out
(1)happen 是普通用语，其“发生”带有意外和偶然性。另可作“碰巧”讲，用法是 happen to do sth.，是不及物动词短语，无被动语态。
(2)take place 其“发生”是按意图或计划进行，无偶然性，无被动语态。
(3)occur是较正式的用语，指具体事物时可与 happen 互换(但 happen to do sth.不可换成 occur to do sth.)；另外 occur 有“突然想起”的意思，此时不可与 happen 互换。
(4)break out 不及物动词短语，意为“(战争、火灾等)爆发；(疾病)突然发生”，无被动语态。
The 16th Asian Games took place in Guangzhou last year.
第十六届亚运会去年在广州举行
We may never know what took place that night.
我们可能永远不会知道那一夜发生了什么事。
An accident happened nearby yesterday.
昨天附近发生了一起事故。
It never occurred to me that I had seen her before somewhere.我想不起来以前我在哪儿见过她。
The hand­to­mouth disease broke out in some places.
一些地方爆发了手足口病。
【链接训练】
①It ________ that I met her on my way home.
A．took place　 B．occurred　
C．happened　 D．broke out
【解析】　四项都可表示“发生”，都为不及物动词(短语)；但take place指必然性的“发生”；occur无“碰巧”之意；break out强调“突然爆发”。句意为：我碰巧在我回家的路上碰到她。故正确答案为C。
【答案】　C
②Great changes ________ in our country since the 29th Olympic Games.
A．have taken place B．took place
C．have been taken place D．are happening
【解析】　take place为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态中，由句中时间状语since the 29th Olympic Games 可确定句子的时态为现在完成时。
【答案】　A
2．in memory of纪念；追念
归纳拓展
(1)to the memory of＝in memory of为了纪念
have a good/bad memory for sth.善于记……/不善于记……
bring back good memories引起对美好往事的回忆
within sb.'s memory就某人记忆所及
(2)相似短语：
in favor of支持，赞同，对某人有利
in face of面临，面对
in honour of为纪念……；为了向……表示敬意
in need of需要
in place of代替
in case of万一
in charge of负责；掌管
in search of寻找
in terms of 谈及；就……而言
He wrote a poem to the memory of/in memory of those who died in Sichuan earthquake.
他写了这首诗以纪念那些在四川地震中死去的人们。
Not everyone has a good memory for English words.
并非每个人都善于记英语单词。
In case of fire，ring the alarm bell.万一失火，请按报警器。
【链接训练】
①A ceremony was held________those who had died in the Yushu earthquake on April 21, 2010.
A．in need of B．in search of
C．with the help of D．in memory of
【解析】　句意为：2010年4月21日举行的仪式来纪念在玉树大地震中死去的人。in need of“需要”；in search of“寻找”；with the help of“在……帮助下”；in memory of“纪念，追念”。由句意可知选D项。
【答案】　D
②______the numbers in employment，the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.
A．In spite of B．In case of
C．In terms of D．In praise of
【解析】　考查介词短语的用法。in spite of“尽管”；in case of“以防万一”；in terms of“就……而言”；in praise of“为赞扬……”。根据题意可知答案为C。
【答案】　C
3．dress up穿上盛装；(乔装)打扮；装饰
归纳拓展
dress vt.&vi.(给……)穿衣服
dress sb.up给某人化妆打扮
dress sb./oneself给某人/自己穿衣
be dressed in穿着……衣服(表状态)
The boy is old enough to dress himself.
这男孩足够大了，已经可以自己穿衣服了。
Don't bother to dress up—come as you are.
用不着穿讲究的衣服，就穿平常的衣服来吧。
The bride was dressed in a white silk dress.
新娘穿着一件白色的丝质礼服。
同类辨析
dress，wear，put on 与 have on
(1)dress是动作动词，可用作及物动词和不及物动词，表示“给(人)穿衣/打扮”。作及物动词用时后面的宾语是表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。常见的用法有dress sb./oneself，be dressed (in)，get dressed等。
(2)wear是状态动词，表示“穿戴、佩戴(手表、首饰、花等)，留(发型、胡须等)”；还可表示“面露、面带(某种表情、样子等)”，意义广泛。
(3)put on 是动作动词短语，表示“穿(衣)戴(帽)”，后面的宾语是表示衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等的名词。
(4)have on 是状态动词短语，除了表示“穿着，戴着”之外，还可表示树木等“披着，挂着”，不用进行时态。
He put on his coat and went out.他穿上外套走了出去。
It's autumn.But the trees still have leaves on.
现在是秋天，但树叶还挂在树上。
She was wearing a diamond necklace.
她戴着钻石项链。
【链接训练】
①On Halloween，children in America like to ________ as ghosts to frighten people.
A．take up B．make up C．dress up D．turn up
【解析】　考查动词短语的用法。dress up as意为“装扮成”。make up意为“构成；编造”；take up意为“占据；开始从事”；turn up意为“出现；把声音调大”。由句意可知选C。
【答案】　C
②She has to ________ her little son and get everything ready for lunch before going to work.
A．get up B．dress C．put on D．wear
【解析】　dress sb.“给某人穿衣服”。
【答案】　B
4．look forward to
look forward to sth./doing sth.期待某事/做某事，其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
归纳拓展
常见的带有介词to的动词短语：
be/get/become used to习惯于……
stick to坚持　object to反对
devote...to...献身于……；把……致力于……
prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……
get down to开始认真地做……
pay attention to注意　lead to导致
The children are looking forward to visiting the Summer Palace.孩子们期待着去参观颐和园。
Rose has been used to getting up early.
露丝已经习惯于早起。
Please pay more attention to speaking English every day.
请多加注意每天说英语。
【链接训练】
①She must be looking forward as much to his return as he himself is to ________ her.
A．see　　 B．have seen　　
C．seeing　　 D．be seeing
【解析】　考查look forward to doing sth.“期盼做某事”结构，此处himself is后省略了looking forward。
【答案】　C
②The moment we had been looking forward to ______ at last.
A．come　　 B．have come　　
C．coming　　 D．came
【解析】　句意为：我们一直在期待着的时刻最后终于到了。本句中we had been looking forward to是定语从句，修饰the moment；主句的谓语是空缺部分，空缺部分不是介词to的宾语。
【答案】　D
5．turn up
(1)到场，出席(某活动)
(2)把(收音机等的)音量开大一些
Please be patient.He will turn up soon.
请耐心点，他很快就到。
Please turn the radio up，I can't hear it clearly.
请把收音机的音量调大一点，我听不清楚。
归纳拓展
turn down关小；拒绝；(音量)调低
turn out结果是……；生产；制造
turn in呈交；上交
turn over翻转；移交；反复考虑
turn back 折回，翻回到
turn round 转身；回转
If the day turns out rainy we may have to change our plans.
万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。
He asked Jane to marry him but she turned him down.
他请求简嫁给他，但她拒绝了。
【链接训练】
Many important leaders of different countries ______at the opening ceremony of the 2010 Shanghai Expo held on April 30,2010.
A．turned up B．turned down
C．turned on D．turned over
【解析】　turn up意为“出席”；turn down意为“拒绝”；turn on意为“打开”；turn over意为“移交”。句意为：许多不同国家的重要领导人出席了在2010年4月30日举行的2010年上海世博会开幕式。
【答案】　A
in a/one word 简言之，总之
in other words (＝that is to say)换句话说
leave word 留言
word for word 一字不差地；逐字地
Word came that...有消息传来……(word为“消息”时，为不可数名词)
She is a girl who always keeps her word.
她是一个很讲信用的女孩。
They asked him to leave—in other words，he was fired.他们请他走人，也就是说，他被解雇了。
Can I have a word with you？我可以和你说几句话吗？
Word came that the Houston Rockets won the game again.
消息传来，休斯敦火箭队又赢得了比赛。
【链接训练】
Could you ________ me for my not keeping my ________？
A．sorry；word B．pardon；words
C．forgive；promise D．excuse；promises
【解析】　空一考查固定短语forgive sb. for doing sth.“原谅某人做某事”，空二考查keep one's word＝keep one's promise“履行诺言”。句意为：你能原谅我没有履行诺言吗？
【答案】　C
7．