Unit 1 Women of Achievement- words and expressions
词汇
1. achievement n.成就;成绩
e.g. ① The invention of the computer is a great achievement.
② It was a sense of achievement that encourage me to study mathematics.
achieve v.获得；实现
e.g. ① By working hard, we can achieve anything.
② Maurice has achieved his hope of becoming a doctor.
achieve+ success/ a good result/ one’s purpose, aim, goal, hope
2. campaign n.运动；战役；活动vi.参加运动；作战
The city hall is planning to start a campaign against smoking.
The miners are campaigning for better working conditions.
<对比一下war, campaign, battle>
(1)war作“战争”或“战争状态”解，前者为[c]n., 指整个战争，后者用作[u]n.。
(2)campaign 意为“战役”，指在某一地区进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动。也可指“运动，活动”。
(3)battle 也作“战役”解，其规模比campaign 小，还可作“战斗”解，指的是一场战争或一次战役中的具体战斗，可能只持续几小时，也可能持续若干天。
3.behave vt.& vi.举动;举止;行为表现
这孩子在校行为良好。
The child behaved well at school .
Nobody before has fully understood chimp behaviour.
在简之前没有人全面了解过黑猩猩的行为。
注意：在口语中，behave as if常用behave like代替。Behave yourself！用在口语交际中表示“规矩点！”另外behave可与某些副词构成形容词，如well-behaved(表现好的)，badly-behaved(表现差的)。
4. shade n. 树荫，阴凉处vt.遮光
I saw him shading himself from/against the sun under/in the shade of a tree.
Chimps are fond of eating bananas in the shade.
His impatience shaded into anger.
In the shade 在阴凉处
Under/in the shade of a tree在树荫下
Shade …from/against…使…免受…照射
Shade into…逐渐变成…分不清…
5. worthwhile adj.值得的, 值得出力的
e.g.
It is worthwhile to do the experiment.
The experiment is well worth doing.
The experiment is well worth the time and money.
The experiments is worthy to be done.
He is worthy of our praise.
6.observe vt.观察；注意;遵守;庆祝
1)As a child, he liked to observe the behaviour of insects.
She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.
He observed someone open the door.

2)We should observe the rules and regulations.
我们应该遵守规章制度。
3)Do you observe Christmas in your country?
你们国家过圣诞节吗?
Can you change the former e.g. into passive voice?
Q：你还记得与“observe”用法一样的其它动词吗？
1 感： feel
2 听：listen to , hear
3 使役：let, have, make
4 看：observe, see, notice, watch
see a film;
watch movie/football match/show…;
notice注意到； observe观察到
(1)argue for...为……而争论，为……而辩护
argue against争辩(反对……)
argue with与……争辩
argue with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人争辩某事
argue sb. into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
argue that …主张、认为……
(2)argument n．争论，争辩，论点
7. argue vi.& vt.争论，争辩，说服，用辩论证明
8.inspire vt.鼓舞; 激发;启示
Goodall inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.
古多尔激励着为妇女们的成就而欢呼喝彩的人们。
He inspires self-confidence in (into) his pupils.
他鼓励他的学生要有自信心。
The islands of Scotland inspired Mendelssohn to write some lovely music.
苏格兰的岛屿给门德尔松灵感,使他写出了一些优美的乐曲。
inspire sth. in sb.=inspire sb. with sth.
inspire sb. to do sth.
拓展：
(1)inspirationn.“灵感”。例如:
Poets and artists often draw their inspiration from nature.
诗人与艺术家往往从自然界中得到灵感。
(2)inspiringadj.“鼓舞的”。例如:
an inspiring talk鼓舞人心的讲话
(3)inspiredadj. 得到灵感的;受到鼓舞的。例如: Every student was inspired by the story of Cong Fei.
9. refer to
referring ; referred
（1）提到；谈到
Did he refer to me in his letter? 他在信中提到我了吗？
（2）查阅,参考；咨询，寻求帮助
If you don’t know the meaning of a word, you can refer to a dictionary.
My doctor referred me to a specialist.
（3）适用于
The new regulation doesn’t refer to people under 45. 新规定不适用45岁以下人群。
1、The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without ____ his notes.
A. bringing up B. referring to
C. looking for D. trying on
答案：B
2、The professor _____ in the letter is from Shanghai.
A. referred B. referred to
C. referring D. referring to
答案：B（主被动的关系，referred to做定语修饰the professor）
10. intend vt. 打算；有…意图
用法归纳：
1) What do you intend to do today?
2) I intend coming to help you.
3) I intend you to do it by yourself.
4) The old man intends that his son will take over the business.
5) This cartoon is intended for adults.
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
be intended for… 为…专门设计/准备
Those lovely flowers were ____ for your mother for her seventieth birthday, I would be glad if you accept them.
A. devoted B. intended
C. supplied D. produced
11. consideration n.考虑;体谅
That matter is under consideration.


(1)consider vt.考虑;认为。例如:
We’re considering moving to Seattle.
Michael is considered (to be/as )an expert in computer science.
be under consideration 在考虑中
in consideration of考虑到；由于
on no consideration决不
take into consideration把……考虑进去
the first consideration第一要件； 头等要事
(2)considerate adj.体贴的，考虑周到的。例如:
He was considerate of everyone.
他对大家都很体贴。
That was very considerate of you.
你想得很周到。
(3)considerableadj. 相当多的;重要的。例如:
He made a considerable sum of money in real estate.
他做房地产生意赚了一大笔钱。
(4) considering prep.就……而论,考虑到。例如:
Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.
考虑到路程较远,他来得够快了。
12. deliver vt.
1) deliver sth.(to sb.)投递/传递某物(给某人)
They will deliver your book to you in 3days after you pay for it.
They delivered the thief over to the police.

2) The doctor delivered her of a baby.
= She was delivered of a baby.
3) The professor delivered a speech on how to protect the environment last week.
deliver sb./sth.over to sb.把…移交给某人
deliver a baby 接生了一个小孩
sb. be delivered of a baby 某人生了个小孩
deliver a speech发表演说
6. 　投递；发表，宣布；接生，生(小孩儿)(仅限于被 动语态)
deliver a speech发表演说
be delivered of a child＝give birth to a child生孩子