Section Ⅲ　Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.重点单词
一、将下列单词与所对应的英文解释连线
1．discovery　　A．to draw a line under a word， sentence，etc.
2．reduce B．to make sth.less，smaller，cheaper， etc.
3．underline C．an opinion that you express about sb.or sth.
4．comment D．an act of finding sb./sth.
5．nutrition E．the process by which living things receive the food necessary for them to grow and be healthy
答案：1.D　2.B　3.A　4.C　5.E
二、根据所给词性和汉语意义写出英语单词
1． vt.使迷惑；使为难→ adj.困惑的，烦恼的→ adj.令人困惑的→ n．困惑；混乱
2． vt.遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔→ adj.遗憾的，后悔的→ adv.遗憾地；痛惜地
3． adj.化学的；关于化学的→ n．化学
confuse
confused
confusing
confusion
regret
regretful
regretfully
chemical
chemistry
4． n．生产；制造→ vt.生产；制造
5． n．矿物；矿石→ n．矿，矿山
6． n．发现；发觉→ vt.发现；看出
7． vt.减少；缩减→ n．减少；缩小
8． n．总结；摘要；概要→ vt.概括；总结
production
produce
mineral
mine
discovery
discover
reduce
reduction
summary
summarize
Ⅱ.重点短语
根据汉语意思补全短语
1． sale待售
2． need of需要
3．cause damage 给……造成损害
4．wash 将……洗掉，洗净
5．build 逐渐增强；建立；开发
for
in
to
off
up
6．lead 导致；造成(后果)
7． addition另外
8．turn 转向，向……求助
9．focus 集中(注意力、精力等)于……
10．keep...free 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
to
in
to
on
from/of
confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难(P13)
①They asked so many questions that they confused me.
他们问了许多问题，都把我弄糊涂了。
②You confused Australia with Austria.
你把澳大利亚和奥地利搞混了。
③Many people are confused about the new ways of measuring temperature.
许多人都搞不清测定温度的新方法。
④Mr Wang asked so many difficult questions that I was confused.
王先生问了如此多难题，以至于我感到很迷惑。
⑤I was confused about the confusing murder.
我对这个令人困惑的凶杀案感到困惑。
⑥Their questions were confusing.
他们的问题令人困惑。
⑦There was some confusion as to whether we had won or lost.
不清楚我们究竟是赢了还是输了。
[归纳拓展]
(1)confuse A with / and B把A与B混淆
be confused about对……感到困惑
be confused by被……搞糊涂了
be confused that...对……困惑
(2)confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的
confusing adj.令人困惑的
confusion n．混乱；困惑
[形象助记]
The confused look on her face suggested she was confused about the confusing instructions.
她困惑的表情表明她对那些令人迷惑的说明感到困惑。
[即境活用]
1．用confuse的适当形式填空
①This is a________problem which many scientists don’t know how to solve.
②What he said made me totally________.
③There seems to be some________about who actually won.
答案：①confusing　②confused　③confusion
regret(P13)
(1)vt.遗憾；惋惜
①I didn’t regret the choice I had made.
我作了这个选择并不后悔。
②I regretted missing the good film.
我后悔没能看那部好电影。
③I regret to say that I cannot help you.
很抱歉，我不能帮你的忙。
④I regret to tell you that you have failed again in the examination.
很抱歉，这次考试你又没考及格。
(2)n.遗憾；懊悔
[归纳拓展]
to one’s regret令某人感到遗憾的是
with regret遗憾地
⑤He told me with regret that he could not come to the party.
他很抱歉地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。
⑥Much to my regret，I must leave now.
非常抱歉，我现在必须走了。
[即境活用]
2．完成句子
①I ________ ________ ________(后悔告诉了你)the fact that I crashed the car.
②I ________ ________ ________ ________(很遗憾告诉你)that you didn’t pass the driving test.
答案：①regret telling you　②regret to tell you
build up(P14)
(1)增多，加强，加大
①These exercises are good for building up leg strength.
这些锻炼有助于增强腿部的力量。
②Their words built up my confidence.
他们的话增强了我的信心。
③My stress built up as time went on.
随着时间的推移，我的压力越来越大。
(2)建立，开发
④She’s built up a very successful business.
她创办的生意红红火火。
⑤We built up this business after ten years’ struggle.
经过10年拼搏后我们建立了这家公司。
(3)增强……的体质；使更加强壮
⑥You need lots of fresh fruit to build you up.
你得多吃新鲜水果以增强体质。
[即境活用]
3．完成句子
①我从10岁起就通过观看成千上万部英语影碟来增强我的英语水平。
I’ve________ ________ ________ ________by watching thousands of English DVDs since I was 10.
②这将帮助科学家建立一个新的生物分支。
This will help scientists________ ________a new branch of biology.
答案：①built up my English　②build up
lead to(P14)
(1)导致，造成(后果)
①What on earth led to so many mine disasters?
到底是什么导致了这么多矿难？
②Eating too much sugar leads to much weight.
吃太多的糖会导致增肥。
③Several factors led us to choose famous universities for our study.
几个因素促使我们选择名牌大学学习。
[归纳拓展]
lead sb.to some place带领某人到某地
lead sb.in doing sth.率领某人干某事
lead one’s /the way带路，领路
(2)通向，通往
④The path leads to that small village.
这条小路通向那个小村子。
⑤All roads lead to Rome.(谚)条条大路通罗马。
[即境活用]
4．完成句子
①过量的工作和过少的休息会引发疾病。
Too much work and too little rest often________ ________ illness.
②你是如何得出这个结论的？
What________ ________ ________this conclusion?
③是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？
What________ ________ ________ ________ ________ acting as a career?
答案：①leads to　②led you to　③led you to take up
focus on(P14)
(1)集中(注意力、精力等)于……；关注……
①All eyes were focused on the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
②You must try to focus your mind on your study.
你必须努力把心思用在学习上。
[归纳拓展]
focus one’s attention /mind on /upon
集中注意力/心思于
concentrate on sth.集中(注意力、精力等)于
pay attention to注意
put one’s heart into sth.全神贯注于某事
(2)(使)调节焦距
③Let your eyes focus on objects that are further away from you.
睁大眼睛看清楚离你较远的物体。
④The television cameras are focused on the crowd.
电视摄像机的镜头聚焦于人群。
[归纳拓展]
focus n．[U，C]焦点；中心点
the focus of attention关注的焦点
bring into focus使集中在焦点上，使清楚起来
⑤It was the main focus of attention at the meeting.
这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
[即境活用]
5．完成句子
①When studying，he________ ________ ________ ________(集中注意力于)his lessons.
②Bring the object________ ________(在焦点上)if you want a good photo.
答案：①focused his attention on　②into focus
reduce vt.减少；减缩(P14)
①It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.
由于大雾，司机不得不把速度减到每小时40千米。
②If you buy more than ten，they will reduce the price by 10 percent.
你如果买10个以上他们就会把价格降低百分之十。
③The number of the cars was reduced from 40 to 30.
汽车数量由40辆减少到30辆。
④The number of the cars was reduced by 10%.
汽车数量减少了10%。
⑤The population has increased by 15 percent.
人口增长了15%。
[即境活用]
6．用适当的介词填空
①Production costs have been reduced________30%.
②The population has increased from 1.2 million________1.8 million in this city this year.
答案：①by　②to
keep...free from /of使……免受(影响或伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)(P14)
①Parents should keep their children free from harm.
家长不应该让孩子受到伤害。
②Lydia has been completely free from cancer since 1995.
自从1995年以来莉迪娅就已经完全地治愈了癌症。
③They like living in a village，free from/of crowds and noises.
他们喜欢住在村子里，远离人群和喧闹。
④She got the ticket free of charge.
她免费得到了这张票。
⑤These exercises help free the body of tension.
这些锻炼可以使紧张的身体放松。
[归纳拓展]
be free from / of无……的
be free to do sth.自由地做……
free sb./sth.of /from sth.
使某人/ 某物摆脱/ 除去……
[即境活用]
7．完成句子
①使这个地方除了学习资料外没有任何东西。
________this space________ ________everything but study materials.
②用了很长时间才把遇险者从倒塌的建筑物中解救出来。
It took hours to________the victims________the collapsed building.
答案：①Keep；free of　②free；from
comment(P15)
(1)n.评论；议论
①She was asked about the pay increase but made no comment.
询问她加薪问题但是她不进行评论。
②He made no comment on our proposal.
他对我们的建议没有作评论。
③—Will you resign，Minister?
——部长，你要辞职吗？
—No comment!
——无可奉告！
[归纳拓展]
make comments on /upon /about sth.评论某事
without comment不必多说
no comment无可奉告
(2)vt.& vi.表达意见；作出评论
④He commented that she was not fit for the job.
他评论说她不称职。
⑤Can you comment on the conclusion?
你能对这一结论发表意见吗？
[归纳拓展]
comment on...对……发表评论
comment that...评论说……
[即境活用]
8．完成句子
①您对这起事故发生的原因有何评论？
Have you any ________ ________ ________ ________ the cause of the accident?
②发言人拒绝对这件事发表评论。
The spokesman refused to ________ ________ the matter.
③她评论说这是一部很精彩的电影。
She________ ________it was an excellent film.
答案：①comment to make about　②comment on
③commented that

①Experience will make him a man.
经验会使他成为一个堂堂的男子汉。
②The smell of cooking makes me hungry.
烧菜的味道令我感到肚子饿。
③She made her children wash their hands before eating.
她要孩子们在吃东西前洗手。
④When I first came to New York，I had a lot of trouble making myself understood.
我刚到纽约时，想让人听懂我的话非常困难。
[即境活用]
9．完成句子
①The noise in the school________ ________ ________(让人很难安心学习)．
②The teacher tried his best to________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(使自己成为他的学生的好朋友)．
答案：①makes learning difficult　②make himself a good friend of his students
They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years，for example，growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans.在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如，种玉米或小麦后，来年再改种豌豆或大豆。(P14)
every与数词或few，other连用，表示时间或空间的间隔，其结构如下：
①every four years＝every fourth year每四年
②every ten metres＝every tenth metre每十米
③every two lines＝every other/second line
每两行/每隔一行
④They planted a tree every few metres along the road.
他们沿着路每隔几米种一棵树。
⑤Do you go home every two months/other month/second month?
你每隔一月回家一次吗？
[即境活用]
10．完成句子
①我们每走几英里就得停一停。
We had to stop________ ________ ________.
②他们隔周来看我一次。
They visit us________ ________ ________.
答案：①every few miles　②every other week