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免费下载课件 Unit2.Working the land 语法原创ppt(必修4英语)免费下载课件 Unit2.Working the land 语法原创ppt(必修4英语)
Book 4 Unit 2
Grammar
The –ing form as the Subject &Object
1.作主语
动名词作主语时,句子有两种形式:
①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。
1) 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的.
Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.
2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。
Learning new words is very important for me.
3)说比做容易。
Talking is easier than doing.
②用形式主语it,把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制,作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,如useful,useless,good,fun;no use,worth等。如:
和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。
It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.
这事值得去做。
It’s worth making the effort.
想再解释一次有好处吗?
Is it any good trying to explain?
跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。
It is pleasant working with you.
③在there be结构中作主语,这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do… ”。例如:

若要人不知,除非己莫为。
There is no hiding of evil but not to do it.
这种事开不得玩笑。
Here is no joking about such matter.
无法知道他什么时候离开
There was no knowing when he would leave.
动名词与不定式做主语时的比较:
动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作,不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如:
还是个孩子的时侯,她就觉得探视病人是一种责任,也是一种愉悦。
As a child,she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure.
到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。
Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.
一直不做就是作恶。
Doing nothing is doing ill.
他说:“继续这样下去是无用的。”
He said,“To go on like this is no use.”
我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party.
归纳:常用-ing形式作主语的句型有:
It +be +a waste of time doing
做……是浪费时间的
It is/was no good/use doing
做……是没用处的
It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing
做……不值得
It is/was worth/worthwhile doing
做……是值得的
There is no doing
无法……, 不允许……
There is no sense in doing
做……没有道理
There is/was no use doing
干……无意义
There is/was nothing worse than doing
没有比……更糟的
There is/was no point doing
干…….无意义
我们不知道要去哪儿。
There was no knowing where we would go.
做这件傻事毫无意义。
There is no point doing such a silly thing.
注意:There is no need to do sth 干、、、没必要,在此句式中to do 不可换为doing..
没有必要告诉她。
There is no need to tell her.
提示:当动名词用作主语时,其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。
我姐姐病了,使我很担心。
My sister's being ill made we worried.
你正确未必就意味着我错了。
Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
2、用作宾语
动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语;二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。
①只能后接动名词作宾语的动词,常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,cannot stand等。如:
我不能不去。
I can’t avoid going.
你是否考虑过找一位挚友?
Have you considered looking for one special friend?
我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。
We must try to avoid repeating the same mistake.
晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?
Do you feel like having a walk with me after
supper?
人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。
People couldn’t help laughing foolish man.
这类动词还有:excuse,fancy,give up, put off,risk等。
②既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词,常见的有:begin,start,continue,like,love,prefer,by,mean,forget,remember,hate等。
·A.在like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后,用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重点有些不同,动名词表示泛指的动作,不定式表示具体的一次性动作。
B.在begin/start,continue之后,用动名词和不定式,意义无甚区别,尤其是当主语是人的时候。
C.在动词forget,remember,regret之后,用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生,不定式表示后于谓语动作,如:
我记得我已把信寄了。
I remember posting the letter.
我会记着去寄信的。
I’ll remember to post the letter.
我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。
I shall never forget seeing the famous writer.
不要忘了给你母亲写信。
Don’t forget to write to your mother.
我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。
I regret missing the report.
我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。
I regret to say I can’t take your advice.
D.在try,mean之后,意义各不相同,如try to do (设法),try doing (试试),mean to do (打算,有意要做),mean doing (意思是,意味着)。如:
我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。
We must try to get everything done in time.
我们用别的方法做这工作试试。
Let’s try doing the working in some other way.
我并不想叫你生气。
I didn’t mean to make you angry.
你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。
Your plan would mean spending hours.
E· go on doing 和go on to do
Go on doing继续做一直在做的事;go on to do接着做另一件事。如:
请接着做这同一个练习。
Please go on doing the same exercise.
请做另外一个练习。
Please go on to do the other exercise.
F.stop doing与stop to do: Stop doing停止做,stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:
我们停止了交谈。
We stopped talking.
我们停了下来去谈话。
We stopped to talk.
3.作介词宾语
动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。
A.介词+动名词,如:
我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。
We’ve got to think of ways of changing people’s habits.
我向你道歉,刚才对你那样生气。
I apologize for being so angry with you.
离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方,感觉有点怪。
After being away for several years,it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up.
B.动词+介词+动名词,如:
我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。
I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition.
同学们脸上没有笑容,相反都做了怪脸。
Instead of smiling,each of them made a face.
她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。
She was very interested in working for our company.
下列短语中的to都是介词,所以后面跟名词或-ing形式:devote to, object to,pay attention to,
get down to,lead to, look forward to,
stick to, be used to 等
1. ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( 2004全国 ) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. That D. Suffered
解析:根据句意“it may now be too late to …” 和 “already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”,应用完成时。答案A。
2. ____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 全国2002) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
解析:本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干,前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句,即If he is given …,因为主句是 it,从句应含被动意义,这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。
3. ---- The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海)
having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
解析:本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知,谓语是is painted,那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式,其一般不作定语,只作时间或原因状语;C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语,只作谓语;分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系,其不含被动意义,D项排除; B项是现在分词的一般式,相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。