Unit 1　Women of achievement
必修四
第一部分　基础知识聚焦
1．active adj.积极的，活跃的
2．confident adj.有信心的，自信的
3．determined adj.坚决的，有决心的
4．diligent adj.勤奋的
5．energetic adj.精力充沛的
6．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的
7．achieve vi.实现，完成，达到
8．succeed vi.成功
9．gain vt.获得
10．be absorbed in 全神贯注于
11．devote oneself/one's life to 献身于，专心于
12．be enthusiastic about 对……热心
13．make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献
根据下面提示，介绍世界杰出女性之一——海伦·凯勒。
1．海伦1880年6月出生于美国。19个月大时，因生病而双目失明，双耳失聪。
2．7岁时，她的父母给她找了位老师——Ms Sullivan。Ms Sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到很多困难。通过Ms Sullivan灵活的技巧和耐心的教导，以及海伦坚强的意志和智慧，海伦最终克服了所有的困难，并取得了成功。
3．海伦致力于盲聋儿童的社会工作，著有多本书籍，其中以The story of my life最为有名。
[总论]Helen Keller is one of the greatest women in the world.
[艰难过程]She was born in America in June, 1880. When she was nineteen months she not only became blind but also deaf because of a serious illness. Her parents didn't lose heart. When she was seven, her parents found a teacher, Ms Sullivan, for her.①Ms Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen, but with Helen's strong will combined with Ms Sullivan's teaching skills and patience, they overcame all the difficulties and Helen became an able student and graduated from college.
[成就]②Later on, she devoted all herself to helping the blind and deaf children. She wrote books that inspired millions of people in the world to achieve their goals. The Story of My Life is a remarkable one among her books.
Ⅰ.一句多译
她毕生献身于医疗事业，受到了人们的尊敬。
1．She devoted all her life to medical work and was respected by people.
2．Devoting all her life to medical work, she gained respect from people.
3．Devoted to medical work, she won people's respect.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．使用强调句型对句①画线部分进行强调。
Ms Sullivan had a lot of difficulties in teaching Helen, but it was with Helen's strong will and intelligence, combined with Ms Sullivan's teaching skills and patience that they overcame all the difficulties.
2．用spend的用法改造句②。
Later on, she spent all her life helping the blind and deaf children.
Ⅰ.单词速记
A．识记单词
1．________ (n.) 运动；战役 (vi.)作战；参加运动
2．________(n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.)　　遮住光线
3．___________(adj.)值得的；值得做的
4．________(vt. & n．)尊敬，尊重，敬意
5．________(n.)人群；观众 (vt.)　挤满；使拥挤
6．________(n. & vt.)　支持；拥护
campaign
shade
worthwhile
respect
crowd
support
B．联想串记
7．________ (v.)举动，(举止或行为)表现→________ (n.)行为，举止，习性
8．________ (vt.)观察，观测，遵守→___________ (n.)观察，观测
9．________ (v.)讨论，辩论，争论→________ (n.)争论，争辩，争吵
10．________ (vt.)鼓舞，激发，启示→________ (adj.)受到鼓舞的，有灵感的→________ (adj.)鼓舞人心的→________ (n.)鼓舞，灵感
behave
behaviour
observe
observation
argue
argument
inspire
inspired
inspiring
inspiration
11．________ (vi.)提到，针对，关系到　(vt. & vi.)参考，查阅→________ (n.)提及，涉及；参考，查阅
12．________ (vt.)计划，打算→________ (n.)打算，目的，意图
13．__________ (adj.)考虑周到的→________ (v.)考虑，认为→____________ (n.)考虑，体谅→__________ (prep.)考虑到
14．________ (vt.)递送，生(小孩儿)，接生，发表(演说等)→________ (n.)投递，交货，分娩
refer
reference
intend
intention
considerate
consider
consideration
considering
deliver
delivery
Ⅱ.短语互译
1．离开，启程，出发 __________________
2．(想法、问题等)涌上心头，涌入脑海 _______________
3．碰巧，凑巧 __________________
4．(偶然)遇见，碰见 __________________
5．继续，坚持 __________________
6．devote...to __________________
7．look down on/upon __________________
8．lead a．..life __________________
9．refer to __________________
10．fight for __________________
move off
crowd in
by chance/accident
come across
carry on
把……奉献给
蔑视，瞧不起
过着……的生活
查阅，参考，谈到
为……而战
Ⅲ.典句析练
1．“only＋状语”置于句首的倒装句
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months ____________________ (使她得以开始自己的计划)．
【仿写】只有在战争爆发后，人们才意识到和平的重要性。
Only after the war broke out _________________.
2．it作形式主语的主语从句
Suddenly ________________(我忽然想起) how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.
【仿写】我突然想起我应该向老师求助。
____________________ I should turn to my teacher for help.
3．强调句(It is...that...)
Further reading made me realize that _________________(是苦干和决心以及她温和的天性) got her into medical school.
【仿写】正是在2013年6月26日“神舟”十号安全着陆。
______________ the Shenzhou­Ⅹ spacecraft landed safely.
答案：1.was she allowed to begin her project；did people realize the importance of peace
2．it hit me; It hit me that
3．it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that；It was on June 26, 2013 that
Ⅳ.课文缩写语法填空
Jane Goodall was born in London, England，on April 3,1934. Since __1__(child), she was attracted by animals and animal stories.
In 1957, the 26­year old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous __2__(special) Louis Leakey, who hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips __3__ the African jungle and in 1960, Leakey sent Goodall __4__(observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' __5__(behave)．
For three months Goodall didn't make any __6__(achieve). Her breakthrough came one day __7__ she saw a male chimpanzee stick a piece of grass into a termite(白蚁) hill，then put the grass in his mouth. The __8__(discover)—that some animals use tools—was unknown to most scientists at the time.
Goodall saw chimpanzees show emotions like __9__(human), such as jealousy and love. Goodall received her Ph. D. in the study of animals at England's Cambridge University. Now she travels around the world __10__(raise) money to preserve wildlife.
答案：1.childhood　2.specialist　3.to　4.to observe　5.behavior　6.achievements　7.when　8.discovery　9.humans　10.raising
1．behave vt. & vi.举动；(举止或行为)表现
[教材原句]Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.(P2)
简研究这些黑猩猩已经很多年了，她帮助人们了解它们的行为跟人类的是多么的相似。
①We live in a global village, but this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way.
我们生活在一个地球村，但这并不意味着我们都按相同的方式做事。
②The teacher told the children to ________ ________.
老师叫孩子们规矩一点。
③Her ________ ________ Mr. Rushworth was careless and cold.
她对Mr. Rushworth的态度漫不经心，很冷淡。
答案：②behave themselves　③behaviour to/towards
2．observe vt.观察；观测；遵守；庆祝
[教材原句]She spent years observing and recording their daily activities.(P2)
她花了多年的时间来观察并记录它们的日常活动。
[巧学助记]
①The police ________ the man ________ the bank.
警方监视了那名男子进入银行的情况。
②The woman ______ ______ ______ ______ him closely.
有人看到那名女子紧跟着他。
③We cannot always ________ ________ ________ handed down to us from the past.
我们不能永远遵守过去传下来的传统。
④The staff in the zoo kept the baby panda under_observation.
动物园的职员监视着那只熊猫宝宝。
答案：①observed；enter　②was observed to follow　③observe the traditions
3．respect vt. & n．尊敬；尊重；敬重
①I ________ her ________ her honesty.
由于她的诚实，我敬重她。
②Students should their teachers.
学生们应该尊敬老师。
③In this respect, new technologies have shaped our culture.
从这方面看，新技术塑造了我们的文化。
④In respect of/With respect to this question, there are three opinions.
关于这个问题，有三种意见。
答案：①respect；for　②show respect for
4．argue vt. & vi.讨论；辩论；争论

①The children are arguing ________ their parents ________ where to spend their holiday.
孩子们正在与父母争论到哪里度假的问题。
②Do you argue or the economic reform?
你是赞成还是反对经济改革？
③We tried many ways to argue him accepting our advice, but in vain.
我们想尽各种办法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。
④Some experts argue that more strict measures should be taken to make the road safer.
一些专家认为要采取更严格的措施来确保道路更安全。
[巧学助记]
The workers, who argued for their own rights, argued with the boss for a few days, but failed to argue him into giving them a rise in wages.
为了自身的权利争论的工人们同他们的老板辩论数日，结果没能说服老板给他们加薪。
答案：①with；about/over/on　②for；against　③into
5．support vt. & n．支持；拥护；赡养
①He had to do an extra job after work, for he had a big family ________ ________.
他下班后得从事另外的工作，因为他有一大家人要养活。
②Is this bridge strong enough to __________ heavy lorries?
这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗？
③I'll mention some facts ________ ________ ________ my argument.
我要举出几个事实来证明我的理论。
答案：①to support　②support　③in support of
6．refer (referred，referring) vt. & vi.谈到；查阅；参考

①I didn't know whom she was ________ ________.
我不知道她指的是谁。
②No one is allowed to ________ ________ the notes during the exam.
在考试中不允许任何人查看笔记。
③He ________ ________ ________ ________ living Lei Feng.
他被称为一个活雷锋。
④The teacher often ________ his pupils ________ this dictionary.
那个老师经常让他的学生去查这本词典。
⑤When I meet new words I don't know, I often refer to the dictionary. If you don't know a word, you can look the word up in a dictionary, too.
当遇到不认识的生词时，我经常查词典。如果你不认识一个单词，你也可以查词典。
答案：①referring to　②refer to　③is referred to as　④refers；to
7．intend vt.计划；打算
[教材原句]I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside.(P6)
我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。
①I hear they .
听说他们打算结婚。
②The chair you, but she took it away.
那把椅子是为你准备的，但是被她拿走了。
③I had intended to catch the early train, but I didn't get up in time.
我本来打算赶早班的火车，但没及时起床。
④If I've hurt your feelings, it was quite without intention.
如果我伤了你的感情，那完全是无意的。
[方法规律]当事物作主语时，intend作为谓语常常用被动形式，类似的词还有aim和design等。
答案：①intend to marry　②was intended for
8．deliver v．投递；发表，宣布；接生，生(小孩)(用被动语态)
[巧学助记]
①Mail is delivered to our office twice a day.
我们办公室的邮件每天投递两次。
②She was delivered of a healthy baby girl in the hospital last night.
昨夜她在医院里产下一健康女婴。
③John was asked to on the graduation.
约翰被邀请发表毕业讲话。
[方法规律]send sth. to sb.把某物寄送给某人(通过第三方中传)；deliver sth. to sb.递送某物给某人(强调直接给某人)。
答案：③deliver a speech
1．look down upon/on蔑视；轻视；瞧不起
[教材原句]Many people look down upon poor people.(P4)
许多人瞧不起穷人。
①I ________ ________ ________ those who always rely on others.
我看不起那些总是依赖别人的人。
②Poor and lazy, he is always ________ ________ ________ by others.
因为既穷又懒，所以他总是被人瞧不起。
③The police have received the complaint, and they are ________ ________ it.
警方已经收到投诉函件，他们正在进行调查。
④I often ________________ the words I don't know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
我经常用字典或上网查阅我不认识的单词。
答案：①look down on/upon　②looked down on/upon
③looking into　④look up
2．come across(偶然)遇到；碰见
[教材原句]By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi，...(P6)
我偶然看到了一篇文章，是关于林巧稚医生的，……
①I ________ ________ an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning.
今天早上，我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。
②How did it ________ ________ that humans speak so man