Book 5 Unit 1 Great Scientists
reading
draw a conclusion
think of a method
collect results
make a question
find a problem
analyse the results
find supporting evidence
find a problem
make a question
think of a method
collect results
analyse the results
draw a conclusion
How to prove a new idea in scientific research?
find supporting evidence
Pre-reading
Some background
information about
John Snow and cholera
Who is John Snow?
a famous doctor in London.
What happened to them?
John Snow 约翰 斯诺（1813 ~ 1858），英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。1854年，伦敦霍乱流行，斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况，寻找到他们的共同行为模式，发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系，由于及时切断了二者的联系，有效制止了霍乱的流行。
For example: When you eat some food that is not fresh……
You may feel……
Maybe you have got ________.
Cholera
Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?
What was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?
Do you know what kind of disease is cholera?
cholera (霍乱)
severe vomiting (呕吐)
and diarrhoea (腹泻)
die quickly from a
loss of liquid
It infects people’s intestines(肠道), causing
diarrhoea(腹泻), vomiting(呕吐) and
dehydration(脱水)
Many deaths in African countries in 2005
and even now
5oo deaths in 10 days in 1854 in London.
other infectious diseases?
AIDS
TB(肺结核)
bird-flu
serious
deadly
severe
SARS
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”
Reading
Reading
Skimming
1). What’s the main idea of the passage?
John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.
The cause of Cholera was polluted water.
The source of all drinking water should be examined.
How John Snow collected, analyzed data and found the cause of the cholera and solved it .
Use the seven stages in setting out a new scientific idea to describe each paragraph.
Fast—reading:
Para.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Stages in an experiment
Find a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyse results
find supporting evidence
Draw a conclusion
Example in this investigation
A. Which theory is correct?
B. What causes cholera?
C. Plot information on a map
to find out where people
died or did not die.
D. Collect data on those who
were ill or died and where
they got their water.
E. Find other evidence to
support the analysis.
F. Analyse the water to see if
that is the cause of the illness.
G. It was certain that polluted
water carried the virus.
Careful reading
Read the passage paragraph by paragraph carefully,and then finish the tasks.
Find a problem: What was the problem?
Paragraph 1
Cholera was a deadly disease of its day, but neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
Make a question: What were the two theories and what did each of them suggest?
Paragraph 2
The first theory was that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. It suggested that cholera was spread via air.
The second theory was that people absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals. It suggested that cholera was spread via meals.
Think of a method & collect results: Find out the numbers below and what they meant.
Paragraphs 3+4
Another outbreak of cholera hit London.
More than 500 people died in 10 days.
These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths
20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths .
These families worked in the pub at 7
Cambridge Street.
analyze the results: What was the source of water for the two streets?
Paragraph 5
The source was the
river polluted by the
dirty water from London.
Find supporting evidence : What extra evidence did he find?
two other deaths
A woman and her daughter
who lived far away but drank
the water also died.
Draw a conclusion with certainty
The polluted water
carried the disease.
Paragraph 6
Suggestion: What did he suggest?
He suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.
Instruction: What were the water companies instructed not to do?
They were instructed not to expose
people to polluted water any more.
Paragraph 7
Comprehending Ex. 1 Number the events

__ John Snow began to test two theories.
__ An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
__ John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
__ He announced that the water carried the disease.
__ John Snow investigated two streets where the
outbreak was very severe.
__ King Cholera was defeated.
__ He found that most of the deaths were near
a water pump.
__ He had the handle removed from the water pump.
2
8
1
7
3
4
5
6
summary
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks:
John Snow was a well-known ______ in London in the
___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. He _________ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _______ of all water supply be __________ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
marked
pump
source
examined
dealing
(in 5 minutes)