十、特殊句式
1.(2009·山东,27) So sudden that the enemy
had no time to escape.
A.did the attack B.the attack did
C. was the attack D.the attack was
解析 在so+ adj....+that...句型中，当so+
adj. 置于句首时，其所在句子的谓语应用倒装形
式，故选C项。
C
2. (2009·宁夏，31) The computer was used in
teaching. As a result, not only ,but
students became more interested in the
lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy
B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved
D. was saved teachers’ energy
解析 句意为：电脑在教学中应用，结果不仅节省
了老师的精力，也使学生对课堂更感兴趣。在not
only...but also...连接的句子中，如果not only
放在句首则本句用部分倒装，但but also连接的句
子则不用，故选B。
B
3.(2009·陕西，16) He must be helping the old
man to water the flowers, ?
A. is he B. isn’t he
C. must he D. mustn’t he
解析 must表推测时，反意疑问句的助动词与must
后面的动词相呼应，但有时间状语时，反意疑问
句的助动词应根据时间状语来确定。
B
4.(2009·陕西，18) Little about her own
safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care
C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
解析 否定词little置于句首，句子要用部分倒
装，故排除B、C两项；根据前后时态一致原则，
排除D项。
A
5. (2009·江苏,32) Distinguished guests and
friends,welcome to our school. the
ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this
morning are our alumina(校友） from home
and abroad.
A.Attend B.To attend
C.Attending D.Having attended
解析 分析句子结构可知此句是一个倒装句，把它
还原成正常语序应该是：Our alumina from home
and abroad are the ceremony of the
50th Anniversary this morning.所以此题应该
选C项attending作谓语动词的一部分。
C
6.(2009·上海,30) Sally’s never seen a play in the
Shanghai Grand Theatre, ?
A.hasn’t she B.has she
C.isn’t she D.is she
解析 句中出现了否定副词never,因此这是一个否
定句，故在变反意疑问句时要用肯定形式，故可
排除A、C；又因为Sally’s是Sally has的缩写，即
是现在完成时态，故选has she。
B
7. (2009·上海,38) Hearing the dog barking
fiercely,away .
A.fleeing the thief
B.was fleeing the thief
C.the thief was fleeing
D.fled the thief
解析 away置于句首时，句子应用全部倒装语序。
A项不是完整的句子；B项倒装语序不正确；C项是
正常语序，此三项可排除。
D
8. (2009·江西,27) It was __________he came back from Africa that year he met the girl he would like to marry. 
A.when; then B.not; until
C.not until;that D.only;when
解析 从题干以及选项的特点可以判断出此题是
强调句，强调的是not...until引导的时间状语从
句，再根据强调句的特点可以断定此题应该选C。
C
9. (2009·江西,35) Some of you may have finished
Unit One. ,you can go on to Unit Two.
A.If you may B.If you do
C.If not D.If so
解析 句意为：你们当中可能有些人已经结束了第
一单元，如果这样的话你们可以开始第二单元。
so代替前句意思的肯定情况，而not代替前面意思
的否定情况。If so=If you have finished; If not = If you haven’t finished.考查英语的“省略”的语法
D
10. (2009·四川,2) He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion.
A.to have B.having
C.have D.had
解析 whether可与不定式搭配，意为“是否去做
某事”。句意为：他告诉我们是否去野餐还在讨
论中。whether to have =whether we would have该句考查“替代”
A
11. (2009·四川,16) Not until I came home last
night to bed.
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go
C. had Mum gone D. Mum went
解析 not until引导的时间状语从句置于句首
时，主句用部分倒装结构。
B
12. (2009·辽宁,34) It’s the first time that he has
been to Australia, ?
A.isn’t he B.hasn’t he
C.isn’t it D.hasn’t it
解析 句意为：这是他第一次去澳大利亚，是
吗？该句主语和谓语动词分别是it和is，所以反
意疑问部分用isn’t it。
C
13. (2009·福建,25) For a moment nothing
happened.Then all shouting together. A.voices had come
B. came voices
C.voices would come
D.did voices come
解析 当某些副词如then,now,here,there,up等
置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式。
B
14. (2009·浙江,4) —I’ve read another book this
week.
— Well,maybe is not how much
you read but what you read that counts.  A.this B.that
C.there D.it
解析 分析答语句子结构可知此处构成It
is...that...强调句型，被强调部分是not how
much you read but what you read。
D
15. (2009·重庆,33) Unsatisfied with the
payment, he took the job just to get some
work experience.
A.though was he B. though he was
C.he was though D.was he though
解析 句意为：尽管他对报酬不满意，但为了得
到一些工作经验他还是接受了那份工作。Though
引导从句时，可用倒装也可不用，而本句中表语
形容词提到了句首，为倒装形式，语序为：
adj./adv./n./动词原形+though+主语+谓语，
故选B。
B
倒装
1.以there, here, now, then, such引导的,引起人们注意的招呼句,要全部倒装(将谓语动词全部提到主语前面)。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Here comes the bus.车来了。
Now comes your turn.轮到你了。
2.表动态的状语，置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。
 Off went the horse.马跑了。
In came the teacher.老师进来了。
3.表地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时全部倒装。
On the table were some flowers.桌子上有一些花。
Between the two buildings stands a tall tree. 在两幢楼之间有一棵大树。
注意：当句子的主语有人称代词担当时，句子不倒装，如：Here it is./Away they went. 
4.否定词 never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, little, not, nowhere, by no means, at no time ,neither, nor等放在句首时，句子常用部分倒装。格式为“部分倒装标志词+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+谓语”
By no means shall we give up.
无论如何我们都不会放弃。
Neither will theory do without practice, nor will practice do without theory.
理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。
5.在not only...but also..., no sooner...than..., hardly...when..., scarcely...when..., (一…就…)not until..., so...that..., such...that... 句型中，主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，但要注意：neither...nor...连接句子的主语时前后两个分句都倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news
When he began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。(前面部分用过去完成时，后部分用过去式)
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。
6.only放在句首修饰状语时要部分倒装。
Only in this way can you work out the problem.
只有用这种方法你才能解决问题。
7.so,neither,nor放在句首时，表示主语与前面的主语状态相同时，用部分倒装。
We went to Beijing last month, so did they.
We didn’t go to Beijing last month, neither did they.
注意： We went to Beijing last month, so we did.
I don’t like English but like Japanese, it is the same with her/ so it is with her (Not: so does she/ neither does she ).
8.表语、状语或动词原形+as/though+主语+其他时，句子要倒装。 Hero as he is, he still has shortcomings. 
Much as I like it, I’ll not buy it.
Pretty as she is, she is not proud. 
Try as he would, he might fail again.
9.however放在句首时，形容词或副词跟在however后用倒装句式。
However difficult it is, I’ll work it out on time. 不管它有多难，我都会按时完成。

强调句型
1.被强调的代词格应与原句一致；被强调的部分如果是原句的主语，who (that)后的谓语在人称和数上应与原句的主语一致。
It is Zhang Yimou that (who) stars the film Curse of the Golden Flower .
是张艺谋导演的《满城尽带黄金甲》这部影片。
2.如果原句是一般疑问句，强调结构用“Be+it...that (who)...?”形式；如果原句是特殊疑问句，则用“特殊疑问词+be+it...that (who)...?”形式。
Was it in the park(在公园) that he met the foreigner?（be)
When was it that the Iraq War broke out?
伊拉克战争是何时爆发的？
3.如果原句中含有“not...until”,在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
4.被强调部分句子可能较长或有一个以上的强调成分，对此就应注意识别、应用。
It was she who was lying in the corridor and the stranger who bent over her.
是她躺在过道上，是那个陌生人俯视她。（此句有两个被强调部分：一个是she,一个是the stranger）
祈使句
1.一般不出现主语you;为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需加主语“you”,有时还可同时加呼语。如：Tom,you water the flowers!
(补充)1. 动词短语，主语+谓语
________________(起晚了)，he was very afraid of his head-teacher. (get) (①同一个人执行的两个动作，表主动；②两个动作有先后关系；③前面的动作用现在分词的完成式)
_______________做完作业, I went out to play.
______________(为了早起)， he went to bed early last night. (get) (不定式表示将来)
________________________(困在大雪中)， his car couldn’t move an inch. (catch)
Having got up late
To get up early
Caught in the heavy snow
2.
____________(尽你最大努力) ,or you will fall behind others. (try)
3. 主语+谓语+宾语，主语+谓语+宾语
He dropped out of the game, ________________ (这使得他的教练) very annoying. (make)
4. 主语+谓语动词+动词短语+其他成分
He came in _______________________(手拿一本书) and was followed by a group of students. (hold)
Try your best
祈使句+and/or/but+主语+谓语
which made his coach

holding a book in his hand
2.特别注意“祈使句+and/then/or+陈述句”这一句型。
感叹句
1.What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
 2.What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！
3.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
4.How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！（有时how直接修饰谓语动词：How+主语+谓语！）
反意疑问句
反意疑问句的一般应用规则是：前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定。但以下几种特殊情况应特别注意：
1.当陈述部分的主语是“I don’t think （suppose,believe）+that从句”结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语需和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，并用肯定形式。
I don’t think he can finish the work,can he? 我认为他不能完成工作，他能吗？
2.当陈述部分有情态动词must时：
（1）must表示“有必要”时，附加疑问部分则用needn’t。
You must go home right now,needn’t you? 你必须立刻回家，难道不是吗？
（2）当must用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时，疑问部分的谓语要根据must之后的动词采用相应的形式。
You must be tired,aren’t you?
你一定累了，是吗？
（3）must可表示对过去的情况进行推测（must+have+过去分词），若强调对过去情况的推测（一般有表示过去的时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用“过去式的助动词+主语”；若强调动作的完成（一般没有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用“haven’t （hasn’t）+主语”。
He must have met her yesterday,didn’t he? 他昨天一定见过她，不是吗？
You must have seen the film,haven’t you? 你一定看过这部电影，不是吗？
3.当陈述部分有seldom,hardly,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定词时，疑问部分要用肯定形式。当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀（前缀或后缀）的动词时，疑问部分仍用否定结构。
She hardly knows French,does she?
她一点也不懂法语，是吗？
He is unfit for his office,isn’t he?
他不适合这份工作，是吗？
4.当陈述部分为祈使句时，应注意：
（1）如果祈使句为肯定式，疑问部分用肯定式或否定式均可。如果为否定式，疑问部分只能用肯定式。
 Pass me the book,will you/won’t you?
递给我那本书，好吗？
Don’t speak aloud any more,will you?
不要再大声说话了，好吗？
（2）祈使句若是以let开头的句子，表示“建议”（包括说话人和听话人双方）时，疑问部分用shall we;表示“请示”（不包括听话人）时，疑问部分用will you。
Let’s go home now,shall we?我们回家吧？ Let us help you,will you?让我们来帮助你吧？
省略
1.在when,unless,while,if,though,as long as,whenever,wherever,as soon as等词引导的状
语从句中，若从句主语和主句一致，且从句中包含be或从句中是“it is+adj.”时，用连词直接跟分词或adj.等这一结构。在than或as...as引导的从句中，常会有一些成分在上、下文清楚的情况下被省略。
He has made greater progress than (he did) before/ever.
他比以前取得了很大进步。
When (we are) walking in the streets, we should be careful.
2.虚拟语气中条件从句的连接词if的省略。如果非真实条件从句中有had