高考英语时态复习辨析
永远不要说你已经尽力了
　　有的同学觉得自己已经很努力了，可是就是没有办法把成绩再提高一点。他自己安慰自己“我已经尽力了”。我记得电影《勇闯夺命岛》有这样一句台词：“永远不要说你已经尽力了，失败者总是抱怨自己已经尽力了，只有胜利者才能赢得选美皇后的芳心！”我个人觉得，当你还有力气说出“我已经尽力了”的时候，你根本就没有尽到力。我觉得人的潜力是无限的。举一个我自己的例子，大家看看人的潜力有多大。
 　　我在高中时体育特别差，跑1000米都很要命，从来都是不及格。相信在座的好多同学也对这项体育达标深恶痛绝。到了清华之后，第一节体育课，老师告诉我们体育好是清华的传统，我们每年要测3000米长跑，跑不过不许毕业，取消推研资格。怎么办？谁来到清华都不想拿不到毕业证吧，我的同学大部分和我一样体育很差。于是每天晚上10：30，我们的自习教室关门，清华的操场上人就多起来了。跑半个小时再回寝室继续学习。练了一个学期，我瘦了40斤，最后考试的时候我仅用了12分56秒就跑下了3000米，我们班最胖的人也在15分钟以内跑完了。想起我高中向体育老师抱怨：“我已经尽力了，1000米就是不及格。”我现在觉得很搞笑。
 　　清华的校训中这个“自强不息”我觉得给我的影响非常大。当你觉得自己已经尽力的时候，往往再坚持一下就会突破自己的极限，唤醒自己的潜力。思维科学研究表明，人的大脑可以把全世界图书馆藏书的信息都装进去，然而，人类思维至今才仅仅开发出百分之七到八。所以在这里我希望同学们一定要努力再努力，永远不要说自己已经尽力了。什么叫成功？人们死活不相信你能做到的事情，你做到了，这就叫成功。
突破时态易混点
Humourous Moments
The Father and His Son
Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln ___(be) your age, he ___(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he ___(be) the best pupil in his class.
Tom: Yes, Father. I ____ (know) that. But when he ____(be) your age, he____ (be) President of the United States.
was
was
was
was
was
know
Who Is the Laziest?
Father: Well, Tom, I asked your teacher today, and now I want to ask you a question. Who is the laziest person in your class?
Tom: I don't know, Father.
Father: Oh, yes, you do! Think! When the other boys and girls are reading and writing, who sits in class and only watches how the other people work?
Tom: Our teacher, father.
I) The simple present tense
II) The simple past tense
III) The present continuous tense
IV) The past continuous tense
V) The present perfect tense
VI)The present perfect continuous tense
VII) The past perfect tense
一、对一般现在时的考查
1.考查其基本概念：一般现在时表示一个习惯性、经常性的动作。常与表示习惯的副词always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually 等连用。但近几年，对一般现在时的考查常用过去时态或现在完成时态对考生进行干扰。

1) Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ___the Pacific, and we met no storm.（2005年辽宁卷）
was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called
2.考查一般现在时的替代用法：

在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时。

—What would you do if it __ tomorrow?
—We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. （2005年全国卷）
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
二、对一般过去时的考查
一般过去时表示在过去某时某刻发生的动作或存在的状态，它常与表过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in 1999, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。
I bought a new car three days ago.
More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.（2005年上海卷）A. sent B. were sent
C. had sent D. had been sent
三、对现在进行时的考查
由上下文语境表示时间。
1)— What’s the terrible noise？— The
neighbors ____ for a party（2004年北京卷）A. have prepared B. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
2)Because the shop _____, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. （2004年浙江卷34题）
has closed down B. closed down
C. is closing down D. had closed down
3) —Are you still busy?
—Yes, I _____ my work, and it won’t take long.
A．just finish B. am just finishing
C．have just finished D. am just going to finish
4) Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn't stopped ringing. People _____ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
phone B. will phone
C. were phoning D. are phoning
5) Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____ so rapidly.
is changing B. has changed
C. will have changed D. will change
四、对过去进行时的考查
I was walking down the street when it began to rain.
When it began to rain
I was walking
now
1.把过去进行时放在when, while, as 等引导的时间状语从句中考查。如果主句谓语和从句谓语都发生在过去，动作时间长的用过去进行时，表达谈话背景；动作时间短的用一般过去时，表达新的信息。

—You were out when I dropped in at your house.
—Oh, I ____ for a friend from England at the airport. （2004年福建卷）A. was waiting B. had waited
C. am waiting D. have waited
2.把过去进行时放在某特定的语境中考查。

—Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He ____ it this morning. （2004年全国卷）A. did B. has done
C. was doing D. had done

3.考查过去进行时与一般过去时的比较。Shirley ____a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.(98）A. has written B. wrote
C. had written D. was writing
五、对现在完成时的考查
1.现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在的影响或表示经验。
2.现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续至今并可能继续下去，常与for或since 等短语连用。
I_________(graduate) in 1993 and in that year I _______(begin) to teach English in a middle school. I ______(teach) there for five years . Five years later ,I _______(move) to Pinghu. I______________ (teach) senior English in Danghu High School for nearly 9 years ever since then.
graduated
began
taught
moved
have taught/have been teaching
1) He was hoping to go abroad but his parents ____ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.(2005湖北)
were deciding B. have decided
C. decided D. will decide

2) Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. （2005重庆）
has been caused B. had been caused
C. will be caused D. will have been caused
3)—The window is dirty.
— I know. It ____ for weeks.（2004全国卷）
hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned

注：由终止性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, begin, start, put, stop, start, put, stop, die, fall, buy, borrow, see等构成的完成时不能与for或since引导的时间状语连用。但这些终止性动词的否定式可以与for或since短语连用。
Eg. I haven’t met him for two years.
3.考查现在完成时与一般过去式的区别：
一般过去时着重说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等，与现在不发生联系，且句中一般有表示过去的时间状语；而现在完成时只说明现在的情况，对现在有影响。

—Where _____the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.（98NMET）
— I ____ it right here. But now it’s gone.A. did you put; have put
B. have you put; put
C. had you put; was putting
D. were you putting; put
The CCTV has been broadcasting English programs ever since 1977.
六、对现在完成进行时的考查

构成: have / has been+ doing
概念: 表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继续下去。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别如下：

1.现在完成时与现在完成进行时
I have written an article. 　　　　
I have been writing an article. 　

2.有些延续性动词，如live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等因现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大。
I have lived here for ten years.
= I have been living here for ten years.

Notes：表短暂动作的动词（finish, marry, get up, come, go等）一般不能用现在完成进行时。
强调：　已完成性
强调：　　持续性，未完成性
1)Now that she is out of a job, Lucy____going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.（2004年北京卷）

had considered B. has been considering
C. considered D. is going to consider

2) --- Hi, Tracy, you look tired.
“--- I am tired. I ____ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted
C. have been painting D. have painted
七、对过去完成时态的考查
过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。

Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!
— George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
—No, I ___. Did they have a big wedding? （2004年湖北卷）

A. was not invited
B. have not been invited
C. hadn’t been invited
D. didn’t invite
常见考点有：
①把过去完成时放在含有when, before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句的复合句中考查。
1) When the old man ___ to walk back to his house, the sun ___ itself behind the mountain.（2005年湖北卷）A. started; had already hidden
B. had started; had already hidden
C. had started; was hiding
D. was starting; hid
②把过去完成时放在by + 过去时间点或by the time + 从句（一般过去时）的句子里考查。
By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ___ in Beijing.（2003年上海春）
A. would be completed
B. was being completed
C. has been completed
D. had been completed
1.---Do you work here?
----No, I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary comes.
just help out
B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out
D. will just help out
举一反三破定势
造成思维定式的干扰因素：
comes
从现主将
误选Ｄ
just
初中老师说：完成时标志
误选B
题眼：
I don’t really work here
暂时性工作
正确选项 C
Just 的多义：１．刚　２．正　　３．只不过　　４．引起祈使句
2. I _______in London for many years，but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China. (重庆卷).
lived B. was living　
C. have lived       D. had lived
造成思维定势的干扰因素：
for many years
初中老师说：完成时标志
误选C/D
解题关键：
For many years 与现在无联系
一般过去时
A
一句辨析：
1993
Now
2007
1998
9 years
5 years
1 year
I began to teach English in 1993. By 1998 ,I _________(teach) English for 5 years. /
I _________(teach) English in the country for 5 years.
Then , I moved to Pinghu and since 1998, I ________________________(teach ) here .That is to
say, I ___________(teach) English here for 8 years.
Now I have got a plan -------I ________(stay) in the
USA for 1 year, brushing up my English.
have taught
taught
have taught/have been teaching
have taught/have been teaching
will study