高考英语专题复习系列课件
----倒装句
九、特殊句式
1．Try________she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.(2011·课标卷·全国Ⅰ，22)
A．if B．when
C．since D．as
解析　句意：虽然Sue试着开门了，但是她打不开。考查连词。as引导让步状语从句时意为“虽然”，要求从句使用部分倒装，即从句中表语、状语或动词原形置于as前。空格前为动词原形try，符合as的用法，故选D项。
答案　D
2．Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and________.(2011·全国Ⅱ，13)
A．neither won't Tom B．Tom won't either
C．Tom will too D．so will Tom
解析　句意：简今晚不和我们一起吃晚饭了，汤姆也不来了。考查句子结构。分析句子结构和句意可知，空格处的句子意为“……也不如此”。句子的前半部分表示否定，所以可排除C项和D项；A项中won't形式不对，故选B，相当于：neither/nor will Tom。
答案　B
3．—It's nice.Never before________such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.(2011·福建，29)
A．I have had B．I had
C．have I had D．had I
解析　句意：——太棒了。我以前从来没喝过这么独特的饮料！——很高兴您喜欢。考查倒装句。否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首时，后面的主语、谓语部分需部分倒装，根据题意可知，应该用现在完成时态，所以选C项。
答案　C
谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种：
1．表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
On the table were some flowers.
桌子上有一些花。
温馨提示：当句子的主语为人称代词担当时，句子不倒装。Here it is./Away they went.
2．such置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一个纯朴的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
温馨提示：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。
【典例】For a moment nothing happened, then________all shouting together.(2009·福建卷)
A．voices had come B．came voices
C．voices would come D．did voices come
解析　考查倒装句式。当某些副词如then, now, here, there, up等置于句首时，句子要用完全倒装形式，故选B。D项属于部分倒装，不合语法规则，故排除。句意：一时间，什么都没发生。之后大家一起大笑起来。
答案　B
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：
1．only修饰介词短语，副词或状语从句，且放在句首时。
Only in this way can we learn English well.
只有以这种方式，我们才能学好英语。
注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可以倒装。
Only he can answer the question.
只有他能回答问题。
2．否定副词或短语never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, in no time, by no means, in no case等置于句首时。
Never before have I seen such a moving film.
我以前从未看过这么感人的电影。
At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情况下中国绝不会第一个使用核武器。
3．几个重要的固定句型：
1）“so/neither/nor＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示“前一句中的内容也适合于另一人或另一事物”。He came last night, so did I.
他昨晚来了，我也来了。
Lily can't ride, neither/nor can Lucy.
莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。
注意：如果表示对前面内容的肯定，不使用倒装句式。
—It is hot today.今天天真热。—So it is.的确如此。
2）“so＋adj./adv. ... that ...”句型中，如果so＋adj./adv.置于句首，主句用部分倒装，that从句不倒装。
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.他的英语说得如此清楚，以至于他总能让别人听懂。
3）在“not only ..., but(also) ...”句型中，如果not only置于句首，需将not only引导的句子倒装，但but(also)引导的句子不倒装。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
不仅帮助人们找工作，而且会向需要的人提供医疗。
4）当“not until ...”置于句首时，until从句的主谓不可倒装，而只是主句需要倒装。
Not until he returned did we have supper.
直到他回来，我们才吃晚饭。
5）在as引导的让步状语从句中，通常使用倒装语序(表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语)。
Child as he was, he made a living by himself.
尽管他是个孩子，他却自己谋生。
6）.省略if的倒装句型。如果虚拟语气的条件句中谓语有系动词were,助动词had或情态动词should等，可省去if，把were,had或should移到主语之前。
Were I you,I would take his advice.
如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。
Should it rain tomorrow,the sports meeting would be put off.
万一明天下雨，运动会就会推迟举行。
7）“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!
[典例5]　John opened the door.There ________he had never seen before.
A．a girl did stand B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
[解析]　以there开头的句子要用完全倒装，所以要用there stood a girl的形式，其正常语序为a girl stood there。
[答案]　D
[典例6]　(2011年高考湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours ________a decision.
A．they reached B．did they reach
C．they reach D．do they reach
[解析]　句意：他们只有在讨论这个问题几个小时后才做决定。“only＋状语从句”放在句首，主句需用部分倒装句式，由从句中的“had discussed”可知主句应用一般过去时态。
[答案]　B
【典例】Only when he reached the tea­house________it was the same place he'd been in last year.(2011·新课标全国卷，28)
A．he realized B．he did realize
C．realized he D．did he realize
解析　句意：只是当他到了茶馆的时候，他才意识到这就是他去年来的地方。考查倒装。only修饰状语置于句首时，句子(主句)需部分倒装，故选D项。
答案　D
【口诀巧记】
部分倒装
部分倒装并不难，
口诀帮你享清闲。
先记neither，nor，
再记单词so。
句首only、否定词，
部分倒装莫迟疑。
让步、虚拟句，部分倒装行。
热点考向二　强调
1．强调句型
①强调句型的结构与基本用法。
“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”为强调句型的结构。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。
It is he that broke the window.
是他打破了窗子。(主语)
It was her that we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口遇到的正是她。(宾语)
It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.
汤姆是在公园里丢了他的手表的。(状语)
②强调句型的问句形式。
a．强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is(was)提前。
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
是王教授教你英语的吗？
b．强调句型的特殊疑问句，只需在一般疑问句前加上疑问词。
Who was it that broke the window?
打破窗子的是谁？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天打电话给我是什么时候？
③含有not ... until ...的强调句型。
其强调句式为：it is/was not until＋被强调的部分＋that＋其他成分。
It was not until she took her dark glasses that I recognized her.直到摘下墨镜，我才认出她。
2．谓语动词的强调
如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do, does或did。
Do come this evening.今晚一定要来。
He did write to you last week.上周他的确写信给你了。
Tom does study hard now.现在汤姆学习真的很努力。
【典例】It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do________benefits our work most.(2011·陕西，23)
A．who B．which
C．that D．what
解析　句意：能给我们的工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少，而是我们对于自己所做的事情付出了多少爱。考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do, 故选择C项。
答案　C
1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：
①连词(as, as if, once)＋名词
Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.从前他曾当过老师，现在他在政府部门工作。
②连词(though, whether, when)＋形容词
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.
年轻时努力工作，否则你会后悔的。
③连词(whether, as if, while)＋介词短语
He looked everyone as if (he was) in search of something.
他到处看好像在找什么东西。
④连词(when, while, though)＋现在分词
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.当我沿着马路走时，听到有人喊我的名字。
⑤连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)＋过去分词
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.展览比预计的更有趣。
⑥连词(as if, as though)＋不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
他张开嘴好像要说话。
2．当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词一起省略。此时构成“连词(if, unless, when, whenever)＋形容词”的结构。
Unless (it is) necessary, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.除非有必要，你最好不要查词典。
另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用if＋so/not省略句式。
Get up early tomorrow.If not (you don't get up early), you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起。否则(如果不那样)，你会错过头班车的。
He may not be at home then, if so (he is not at home), leave him a note.
那时他可能不在家。如果那样，就给他留个纸条。
【典例】Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010·全国Ⅱ卷)
A．surprising B．was surprised
C．surprised D．being surprised
解析　前半句是“Though he was surprised to see us”的省略形式。一般情况下，如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，并且从句的谓语含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
答案　C
【口诀巧记】
全部倒装
副介开头全倒装，
遇到代词则照常；
方位方式别遗忘，
上下进出往前放；
there、 here用得上，
时间顺序句首放；
表语句首主语长，
牢记口诀英语棒。
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。
1．代替动词不定式后被省略掉的动词，常在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。
I asked him to see the film, but he didn't want to.
我叫他去看电影，但他不想去。
2．在have, need, ought, be going, used等后面。
I didn't want to go there, but I had to.
我不想去那儿，但不得不去。
3．在某些形容词，glad, happy, pleased, delighted, afraid, willing, eager等后面。
—Will you join in the game？——你想一起做游戏吗？
—I'd be glad to.——好的。
4．否定形式的省略用not to。
—Shall I go instead of him?
——我要代替他去吗？
—I prefer not to.——我宁愿不。
5．如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been，则要保留这些词。
—Are you monitor of our class?
——你是我们的班长吗？
—No, but I'd like to be.
——不，但是我想当。
【典例】—What's the matter with Della?
—Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still________.(2009·江苏卷)
A．hopes to B．hopes so
C．hopes not D．hopes for
解析　本题易误选B，原因在于分不清hope to与hope so。hope so意为“希望如此”，在句中是she still hopes her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party的意思，显然不合题意。而hope to在句中是she still hopes to go to the party的意思，符合语境。
答案　A
【典例】Not until the motorbike looked almost new ________repairing and cleaning it.
A．he stopped B．did he stop
C．stopped he D．he did stop
错因分析
考生易误选A项或C项。分析题干可知，句首有否定词“not”，横线处应用倒装结构，故选B。
归纳总结
not until结构用于倒装句型中的主要形式为：Not until＋表示时间的词或从句＋部分倒装结构。该结构有如下特点：(1)not until ...部分位于句首；(2)部分倒装结构中无否定性结构；(3)当until后接从句时，且not until ...位于句首时，那么主句要倒装，从句不倒装(如本题)。
not until结构用于强调句型是高考英语中的常考问题。它的主要形式有：(1)It＋be＋not until＋状语＋that＋其他；(2)It＋be＋not until＋从句＋that＋其他。
It wasn't until nearly a month later that I received the manager's reply.
差不多一个月后，我才收到经理的答复。
It wasn't until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.
直到我们在一起待了几个星期我才发现我们之间有很多共同之处。
【典例1】Only when the fire was under control________to return to their homes.
A．the residents would be permitted
B．had the residents been permitted
C．would the residents be permitted
D．the residents had been permitted
错因分析
考生易误选B项。分析句子结构可知，本题是对倒装结构的考查。根据语法知识可知，“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后的句子要采用倒装结构，故选项A和D可以首先被排除。在时间状语从句中，当从句用一般过去时态时，主句要用过去将来时态，故选C。
归纳总结
当“only＋状语”位于句首时，其后的句子要用倒装结构。该结构中的状语通常由副词、介词短语和状语从句(如本题)充当。该语法点是高考英语中的常见考点。
Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit and stay healthy.只有你吃对食物，你才能够保持健康。
Only by keeping down costs will Power Data had its advantage over other companies.
只有降低成本，Power Data 公司才能比其他公司有优势。
另外，当only后接主语位于句首时，其后不用倒装。
Only he can go.只有他可以去。
【典例2】________that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A．So successful her business was
B．So successful was her business
C．So her business was successful
D．So was her successful business
错因分析
考生容易误选A项。当“so＋adj./adv.”部分位于句首时，主句要采用倒装结构，而that从句不用倒装，故选B。
归纳总结
so＋adj./adv.＋that从句是英语中很常用的一种句式，意为“如此……以至于……”，多用于引导结果状语从句。
【典例3】I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom________so lonely as now.
A．have I felt B．I had felt
C．I have felt D．had I felt
错因分析
考生容易忽视seldom而误选C项。题干中的seldom为一个否定词，位于分句句首，该句应采用倒装结构。再由题目中的have been living与now可知选A。
归纳总结
当否定词或否定性短语位于句首时，其后的句子应采用倒装结构。常用的否定词或否定性短语有：not, never, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, barely, by no means, in no way, little, few, no sooner等。
Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention.
很少有辩论赛能获得如此多媒体关注。
Never in my wildest dreams could I imagine these people are living in such poor conditions.就算在最荒诞的梦里，我也绝不会想到这些人竟然生活得这么贫困。
I've tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means is the teacher satisfied with my progress.我一直非常努力地去提高我的英语水平，