非谓语动词
含高考真题
高考语法复习系列
高考题精选加讲解
1. It’s hard to imagine ______ anywhere else but here.
A. live B. to live C. living D. to living
此题选C。英语中，有些动词（短语）一般跟-ing形式作宾语，而不用不定式作宾语。这类动词（短语）包括：advise, allow, avoid, consider(考虑), enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest , feel like, insist on 等。

2. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam.
A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing
此题选D。have a hard time (in) doing意为“费了很大劲做”，-ing形式作介词的宾语。此句中省略了介词in，增加了试题的难度。类似的结构还有：
spend ... (in) doing 花费……做
have difficulty / trouble (in) doin 做……有困难
stop / prevent ... (from) doing 阻止……做
waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做
excuse ... (for) doing 原谅……做
be busy (in) doing 忙于做
3. She looks forward every spring to _____ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in
此题选D。许多含有to 的短语动词中的to为介词，其后若跟动词，应用其-ing形式作宾语。这类短语有：look forward to, be (get) used to（习惯于）, devote ... to ..., lead to, pay attention to, prefer ... to ... , stick to 等。

4. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh, I forgot ____.
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
此题选C。有些动词既可跟-ing形式也可跟不定式作宾语，但含义不同。如：
（1）forget , remember 后跟-ing形式表示已发生的动作，跟不定式表示未发生的动作。
（2）try to do 尽力做； try doing 试着做
（3）go on to do 接着做（另一件事）；
go on doing 继续做（原来在做的事）
（4）mean to do 打算做；
mean doing 意味着
（5）can’t help to do 不能帮助做；
can’t help doing 禁不住做
（6）stop to do 停下来去做；
stop doing停止做
5.(06四川33)______ with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face
解析 face with常用被动语态：使面对（问题、不愉快局面等），使面临。
如：You are faced with a choice.你面临抉择。
6.(06陕西13)It is difficult to imagine his ______ the decision without any consideration.A.accept B.accepting C.to accept D.accepted
解析 imagine后接动名词。
7. 12.(06安徽35)Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy，saying that he was not the one ______.A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed
解析 to blame作the one的定语。关于blame一词，常用主动形式。如：It is Tom that is to blame.
8.（10福建25）Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
解析：表示伴随。从 “were working”可以判断是进行时态，排除C。
9.（10福建34）In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
考点：remain后接动词的用法解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。
10. This is the only way we can imagine ______ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
考点：此处考查非谓语动词。解析：此处应该用不定式the way to do sth表示做……的途径、方式。the only way to do……,we can imagine 做定语，前面省略了that.
① At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant
park with trees providing shade and _____
down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海）
A. sitting B. having sat
C. to sit D. sat
D
② Prices of daily goods _____ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. have been bought D. buying
B
非谓语
不定式（to do)
过去分词(-ed)
- ing 分词
-ed 分词
二 非谓语动词有哪些？
不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？
1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。
2.动名词作主语 时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。
1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.
2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much.
(抽象)
(具体)
1). It’s necessary to be prepared for a job
interview. ________the answers ready
will be of great help.
A. To have B. Having had
C. Have D. Having
2). In fact _____ is a hard job for the police
to keep order in an important match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
D
D
1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：
…… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) ,refuse等。
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：
……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, tend to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in...
1) I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same
office. She just refuses _____ talking while
she works.
A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop
2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,
for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost
C
B
3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。
I like __________ very much, but I don't
like _________ this afternoon.
　　 A. swimming, swimming   
 B. to swim, to swim
C. swimming, to swim  
   D. to swim, swimming
C
Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening
A. to be taken  B. to take    
C. being taken   D. taking

如果like, love, prefer前有would/
should, 后面则应该接动词不定式。
A
A
4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。
讨论：有哪些单词或短语？
go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing
can’t help to do / doing
be used to do / doing
( get used to doing)
(used to do)
Children should be allowed ______ their own decisions.
A. making B. to make
C. make D. having made
B
My advisor encouraged _____ a summer
course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
D
1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补
足语的动词有： ask, advise, tell, force, get,
allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,
expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,
order, warn, cause等。
使役动词，感官动词接
不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语；
和带to的不定式作主语补足语。
常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；
感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。
翻译：你宁愿让谁和你一起去？
3. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。
① I heard her ______( sing) an English song just now.
② I heard her ________ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.
③ I heard the English song ______( sing) many times.
(4) I heard the English song ____________( sing) when I passed by her room yesterday.
sing
singing
sung
being sung
分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：
现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表
示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表
示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：
①The question __________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.
②The question _____________ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.
③The question ______________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.
discussed
being discussed
to be discussed
Practise
1). When _______(heat) ,water will be changed into vapour.
While _______ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour.
2) ______(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
_______ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful.
3) Generally speaking, when ________(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
If ________(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.
heated
heating
Seen
Seeing
taken
taking
分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。
1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.
2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him
kindly.
F
T
T
(True or false)
现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别
1). European football is played in 80 countries , _________ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998)
A. making B. makes C. make D. to make
2). He hurried to the station only ________ that the train had left . (2005广东)
A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found
现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自
然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语
时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果
A
A
动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释或用来表示“身份、职业”等。这时主语与表语位置可以互换
① The main job of the ant queen is laying eggs.
② Our work is serving the people．
表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物
动词，汉语注解不是“激动”、“高兴”，而是“使得激
动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、
“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高
兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡
是表示“感到 ……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人
对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...，
若人/物本身有趣时，就是sb./sth. is interesting。
现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别
delighting　令人高兴的——delighted　感到高兴的
disappointing 令人失望的——disappointed 感到
失望的
encouraging 令人鼓舞的——encouraged 感到鼓
舞的
pleasing 令人愉快的——pleased 感到愉快的
puzzling 令人费解的——puzzled 感到费解的
satisfying 令人满意的——satisfied 感到满意的
surprising 令人惊异的——surprised 感到惊异的
worrying 令人担心的——worried 感到担心的
动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾
格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。
1) LiPing’s/ My helping her moved her deeply.
2) I appreciate your/you/LiPing’s/ LiPing coming
to see me.
3) Is there any hope of our team winning the
match?
4) What made me angry was many students
failing in the exam.
(动名词结构作宾语, 其逻辑主语用宾格或所有格均可)
(动名词结构作主语, 其逻辑主语用所有格)
(逻辑主语是无生命名词时, 只用普通格)
(以-s 结尾的名词, 只用普通格)
1) I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon .
A. you to call B. you call
C. your calling D. you’re calling
2) ________ made her mother very angry.
A. Mary marrying Jim
B. Mary’s married Jim
C. Mary’s marrying Jim
D. Mary’s being married Jim
C
C
3). The discovery of new evidence led to ______.
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
4).The noise of ____ could be heard out in the
street.
A. desks opening and closing