高考英语作文标点符号
标点符号—— 高考英语中不可忽略的重要因素 标点符号在英语中占有一席之地，它是书面语言的有机组成部分。其主要功能在于精确地记录语言，帮助确切地表达自己的思想感情和理解别人的语言信息。标点符号看似貌不惊人，微不足道，实则“八仙过海，各显神通。 同学们在平时的学习中是否能正确理解和运用标点符号至关重要(尤其是逗号和句号)，用得不好，在写作时，会引起句意的变化，会给读者以内容含糊不清的感觉，甚至造成误解。理解不当，在阅读理解时，也会误解文章的意思。学以至用，在做题中标点符号也会影响着答案的选择。
仔细观察下面每组例句可以发现句意大相径庭，标点的重要性便可见一斑。
1.有无标点符号会影响句意的整体理解
① Li Ping said nothing ____ made her mother sad the day before yesterday .
② Li Ping said nothing , ____ made her mother sad the day before yesterday.
A. that B. which C. it
析：①句选A，这是限制性定语从句，先行词有 nothing , 用 that。句意为“前天李平没有说使她母亲伤心的话。”②句选B，用了逗号，变成非限制性定语从句，用 which 。句意为“前天李平什么都没有说，这使她母亲很伤心。”
① The students who knew about the floods took another road . 知道道路被淹的那些学生改道走了。(言外之意：只有那些知道道路被淹的学生才改道走了，不知道的学生仍走被淹之路。)
② The students , who knew about the floods , took another road . 同学们知道道路被淹都改道走了。(言外之意：同学们都知道道路被淹，都改道走了。)
① I have just remembered something she said . 我刚想起她说过的一件事。
②“I have just remembered something , ”she said . 她说：“我刚想起一件事。”
二、标点符号的位置影响句意的确切意思
① The policeman said , “The bus driver was to blame for the accident . ”警察说：“那位公共汽车司机应对这次事故负责。”
②“The policeman , ”said the bus driver , “was to blame for the accident . ”那位公共汽车司机说：“那个警察应对这次事故负责。”
三、标点符号的类型可以影响对正确答案的一锤定音
① My neighbour has four cousins , ____ are college students .
② My neighbour has four cousins . ____ are college students .
A. all of whom B. All of them
C. of them all D. whom
析：①句，用了逗号，说明……are college students 是个非限制性定语从句，应选用关系代词，故答案为A。②句，用了句号，说明前后两句在语法结构上是完整的两个句子，故选B。
析：①句，句中用了逗号，表明前一部分不是句子。因为逗号通常不能连接两个独立的句子，正确选项为B，构成独立主格结构。②句，句中用了句号，表明前后两部分是两个完整的句子，又因为在表示存在句的 there 后不用 have , 故正确选项为D。
① ____ no buses , we had no choice but to walk home .
② ____ no buses . We had no choice but to walk home .
A. There had B. There being C. It being D. There were
瞄准标点符号 跳出信息误区
一、逗号“，”可将称呼语和祈使句的主体部分隔开，如：
Jane , ____ sure to come by half past six this evening .
A. will be B. is C. is about to D. be
应选D。因逗号，不能再把 Jane 看成句子的主语。
应选C作插入语。若当非限制性定语从句时应把D中的 by 习惯上用 to。
逗号可将插入语和句子的其他部分隔开，如：
The southerners , ____ , live mainly on rice .
A. who B. that you know
C. you know D. as is known by us
二、逗号可暗示出前后可能是复合句或含非谓语动词作状语的句子 ，如：(MET90)
____ more attention , the trees could have grown better .
A. Given B. To give
C. If giving D. Having given
句中 the trees 暗示须用表被动的过去分词作条件状语，应选A。若选D应为 Having been given . 选C应为 If (it was) given .
三、句号“ . ”说明前后为两个独立的句子。前句或后句提供另一句解题的语境或条件。要充分捕捉句号提供的有效信息，准确理解解意。如：
I can't pay for these books . They're ____ expensive for me .
A. too B. very C. so D. much
由于前部的否定句子信息，应选A。完整的句子为：They're too expensive for me to pay for .
后部提供了不愿相见信息，应选B。wish 后接过去完成时表虚拟，希望过去干或未干某事就好了。
I wish I ____ my neighbour . Now we both try hard to avoid meeting each other .
A. don't know B. had never got to know
C. didn't come to recognize D. had recognized
四、分号“；”将两个独立的分句隔开，分号后边的句子不再用连词，如
I've read a lot about the High Dam ____ the biggest in the world .
A. ; it's B. ; which is
C. and its D. that is
应选 A。若是逗号分句可选非限制性定语从句B。而C应为 and it's = and it is .
五、感叹号“!”是引起感叹句的重要标志，如：
(NMT93)____ from Beijing to London!
A. How for is it B. It's far away
C. What is a distance
D. What a long way it is
因句尾感叹号,还原为一般句子再判断应选D。
六、问号“?”是疑问句的显著标志，如：
____ the old man that was surprised at the news?
A. Was B. Was it
C. What did D. Was that
由问号知此句是强调句 It was the old…的变形
前句问号信息暗示瞬间的过去时，“刚才”未听明白，不是能力上的B项，应选A。
(NMET)95 —Your phone number again ? I ____ quite catch it .
— It's 9568442 .
A. didn't B. couldn't
C. don't D. can't
七、破折号“—”说明破折号后面的部分是前面相应部分的同位语，或是前面相应部分的解释，如：
He sent scores of American stamps to his old schoolmates —_____.
A. she and we B. her and me
C. you and they D. LiYing and I
破折号之后的部分是宾语schoolmates的同位语，故须选宾语B
八、引号“”往往使被引部分的性质有所改变，如：
“Leaves”____ the plural form of the word “leaf ”.
A. mean B. have C. is D. stand for
选C，主语为一个整体概念。
九、撇号“'”常用来表示所有格或缩略式，he's = he is ; she's = she has ; we won't = we will not ; You'd better = You had better 等。
That teacher said that that “that” that that student used in that sentence was wrong . 老师说那个学生用在那个句子中的那个“that”是错误的。“that”作定语从句中的主语。
(MET90) It's a fine day . Let's go fishing , ____?A. won't we B. will you C. don't we D. shall we
“提议大家”用 let's , 反意疑问句用D。“表请求对方允许”用 let us,反意疑问句选B。
请用标点符号的暗示信息选择下列试题：
1.(MET92)--Please don't make a noise .
----____ . I'll be as quiet as a mouse .
A. Yes , I won't B. No , I won't
C. No , I will D. Yes , I will
2.(92上海题) He stood on one leg , ____ against the wall , while he took off his shoe .
A. lying B. stopping
C. falling D. leading
3.—May I borrow a tool of yours?
—Certainly . ____ .
A. you can B. here is it
C. You are welcome D. please to
4.____ a baby lying on the road , the car came to a stop .
A. When the driver noticed
B. Having seen
C. When finding
D. To observe
5.Miss Smith is a friend of ____ .
A. Linli's sister's friend's
B. Linli sister friend's
C. Linli's sister friend
D. Linli's sister's friend
6.The ____ children knew my ____ uncle .
A. passer-by's ; sister-in-law's
B. passers's-by ; sister-in-law
C. passers'-by ; sister-in-law's
D. passer-by ; sister-in-law