高考语法全套复习（560张）
名 词
1、名词的单、复数;
2、可数与不可数名词的转换；
3、名词作定语；
4、名词的搭配;
5、词语辨析；
高考考点分析
名词的单复数
问题1：
--- How many does a cow have?
--- Four.
A．stomaches B．stomach
C．stomachs D．stomachies
以 s, sh, ch, x等结尾的名词变复数时加 –es；但如果以 –ch 结尾的名词发音为 [k]时，只加 –s。
另外，以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成 i，再加 -es；以元音字母 +y 结尾的则直接加 -s。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加 -s。
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问题2：
The ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______.
A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs
C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs
以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 　a. 加 s，如：serf --- serfs belief---beliefs roof---roofs
chief --- chiefs safe---safes 　gulf---gulfs；　b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives
　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves wife---wives
　life---lives　thief---thieves；　c. 均可, 如：handkerchief ---
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
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问题3：
When the farmer returned home he found three ______ missing.
A．sheeps B．sheepes C．sheep D．sheepies
当sheep; deer; fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加 –s 或 –es。 单复数同形的名词有：
　　deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, Swiss
works, means, head
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问题4：
Some ______ visited our school last Wednesday.
A．German B．Germen
C．Germans D．Germens
国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：
1、单复数同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss
2、需要变形：English - Englishman
3、加 –s 或 -es：German – Germans
详见下表。
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1.6 不同国家的人的单复数
名称　　 总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　 两个人　　　　　中国人　　the Chinese　　　a Chinese　 two Chinese瑞士人　　the Swiss　　　　a Swiss　　 two Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians　an Australian two Australians　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 俄国人　　the Russians　　 a Russian　　two Russians意大利人　the Italians　　 an Italian　 two Italians希腊人　　the Greek　　　 a Greek　　　two Greeks法国人　　the French　　　a Frenchman　two Frenchmen日本人　　the Japanese　　 a Japanese　 two Japanese美国人　　the Americans　 an American　two Americans印度人　　the Indians　　 an Indian　　 two Indians加拿大人　the Canadians　 a Canadian　 two Canadians德国人　　the Germans　　a Germans　　two Germans英国人　　the English　　an Englishman　two Englishmen瑞典人　　the Swedish　　a Swede　　　two Swedes
问题5：
_______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. (1993 上海)
A. The Evens B. The Evens’
C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’
专有名词的复数与定冠词连用，常用来表示“一家人”或一家之中的两个或几个重要的人。如：
--- Who did you spend last weekend with?
--- _____. (98上海)
A Palmer’s B The Palmers’
C The Palmers D The Palmer’s
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问题6：
Mr Smith has two ______, both of whom are teachers in a school.
A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws
C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law
以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 –s。如：grown-ups。
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名词的可数与不可数
问题1：
He gained his _____ by printing _____ of famous writers. (NMET95)
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中 wealth 为不可数名词，works 作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。
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问题2：
Can you give us some ______ about the writer?
A．informations B．information
C．piece of informations D．pieces information
大多数不可数名词都不可能转化为可数名词，常见的有：information; news; advice; progress; fun ……如：
This is not a match. We’re playing chess for _____.
A habit B hobby C fun D game (2001上海春季)
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问题3：
Many people agree that ____of English is a must in international trade today. (NMET96)
　 A. a knowledge B. knowledges
C. knowledge D. the knowledge
有些抽象名词和物质名词也可转化为可数名词，用来表示某种特定的意义。a knowledge of …表示“对……有所了解“。又如：
This meeting is a great success.
请看下面的可数与不可数名词的转化：
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a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 　Cake is a kind of food.　蛋糕是一种食物。 (U) These cakes are sweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。 (C)b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。　This factory produces steel.　(U)　We need various steels.　(C)c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。　Our country is famous for tea.
　Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。
d. 抽象名词有时也可数。　four freedoms 四大自由 　the four modernizations 四个现代化
many interests 许多兴趣
名词作定语
问题1
The ______ is just around the corner and you won’t miss it. (01北京春季)
A. bicycle’s shop B. bicycle shop
C. bicycles shop D. bicycles’ shop
名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。　1) 用复数作定语。 　　 如：sports meeting 运动会 　　　　 students reading-room 学生阅览室　 　　　　 talks table 谈判桌　　　　　 the foreign languages department 外语系  2) 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。　　 如：goods train (货车) arms produce　武器生产　　　　 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷
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问题2
It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ________ journey. （05北京春季）
　 A. three-hour B. a three hour
C. a three-hour D. three hours
“数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。
The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _____ walk. （04上海春季）
A. a four hour B. a four hour's
C. a four-hours D. a four hours'
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问题3：
There are only twelve _____ in the hospital.
A．woman doctors B．women doctors
C．women doctor D．woman doctor
man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：a man worker → men workers　　
a woman teacher → women teachers　　　　 a gentleman official → gentlemen officials
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名词的搭配
问题1
We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no ______ but to take a taxi. (N 19993)
A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection
可以将“ have no choice but to do … ”视为一个结构，现在考查这类搭配的题有很多，如：
I am sure David will be able to find the library — he has a pretty good _______ of direction.（05浙江卷）
A．idea B．feeling C．experience D．sense
类似的题还有：
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1. Here’s my card. Let’s keep in __________. (N 1994) (A)
A. touch B. relation C. connection D. friendship
2. You can take as many as you like because they are free of
_______. (1998 上海) (B)
A. fare B. charge C. money D. pay
3. The manager has got a good business _______ so the
company is doing well. （03北京春季）（B）
A．idea B．sense C．thought D．Thinking
4. I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s
______. （04天津）(A)
A reach B hand C hold D place
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问题2
A rough estimate, Nigeria is__________ Great Britain. （05上海卷）
A. three times the size as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of
注意名词用来表示比较的特殊用法。它的结构为“倍数+the +名词+ of + 对象”。常用在该结构中的名词为：the size of; the weight of; the length of …….
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名词词语辨析
问题1
Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______. （05天津卷） (C)
A. ability B. force C. strength D. mind
高考试卷中考查名词词义辨析的题目越来越多了，这就要求我们在平时的学习过程中注意同类词的比较和辨析，同时尽可能从阅读过程中汲取更多的知识。本题的意思是参加体育锻炼的目的是增强体质和力气。
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2010年高考语法复习
主谓一致
1、用and连接两个并列成分；
2、介词with 伴随主语；
3、就近原则；
4、各种代词的主谓一致;
5、短语和从句作主语；
6、定语从句中的主谓一致。
高考考点分析
问题1：
When and where to build the new factory ____ yet. （1991 NMET）
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
这个句子看上去是and连接的两个并列短语充当主语，本应用复数形式的谓语，但这两个短语表达的是同一事件的两个方面，可以看成是一个整体，因此使用单数的谓语动词；而从句意可判断此句谓语动词需使用被动语态，
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归纳一：
1．两个或两个以上做主语的单数名词用and连接，谓语用复数．
Tom and Dick are good friends.
但若表示一个集合体时则用单数。
A singer and dancer was present at the party.
The worker and writer is talking to the students。
Bread and butter tastes good.
类似的表达式有：
( a needle and thread, a horse and cart, a watch and chain, a coat and tie, truth and honesty, medical help and cure)
2．用 and 连接的两个名词若被 no, each, every, many a 修饰，则谓语动词用单数。
No bird and no beast is seen in the bare island.
Many a boy and many a girl has made such a funny experiment.
At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.
3. 如果 and 后面加 no 或 not, 谓语也用单数形式，
My friend, and not hers, is chosen to join the army.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
问题2：
A library with five thousand books ____ to the nation as a gift . （1990NMET）
A. is offered B. has offered
C. are offered D. have offered
主语后有as well as, like, with, together with, but, except, besides,等，谓语应于前面主语保持一致．
A professor, together with some students, was sent to help in the work.
No one but the teachers is allowed to use the room.
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问题3：
Not only I but also Jane and Mary ___ tired of having one examination after another. (1989 )
A. is B. are C. am D. be
以连词or, either…or , neither …nor, there be, not only…but also 连接的复合主语，其谓语与其相邻的那个名词的数保持一致。
Eg. You or I am to be invited.
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问题4：
Nobody but Jane _____the secret. (1986)
A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known
either, neither, each, every 或no + 单数名词和由some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词都作单数看待。
Each of us has a new pen .
Everything around us is matter.
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问题5：
The number of people invited _______ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons . (1996 NMET)
A. were, was B. was , was
C. was, were D. were; were.
a number of 表示“很多”的意思，修饰可数名词的复数。The number of表示“数量，号码”作主语，其谓语动词用单数形式。
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问题6：
_____ of the southern hemisphere (南半球) _____ with water.
A. Four-five; is covered B. Four-fifths; is covered
C. Four-fifth, are covered D. Four-fifths, are covered.
由“a lot of , (lots of, plenty of, the rest of ) +名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
Three-fourths of the surface is sea .
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问题7：
All but one_____here just now . (1997 NMET)
A. is B .was C. have been D. were
what, who, which, any, more, most, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要依意思而定。
Which is your pen ? 　哪是你的笔？
Which are your pens?　哪些是你们的笔？
B) All can be done has been done .
All have gone to the park .
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问题8：
He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years. (02上海春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has been
who, which, that 作定语从句的主语时，其谓语取决于先行词。
Those who want to go should sign your names here.
He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
He is the only one of the students who has passed the
exam.
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问题9：
Mathematics ____ the language of science. (1978 )
A. is B. are going to be C. are
以-ics结尾的学科名词，如“mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, 等，形式上为复数，实际为单数，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
另外：复数名词