13《冠词的用法》
冠词的用法：
什么是“冠”词？？
冠词
The woman
with a large hat
on her head is
beautiful.
冠词，顾名思义，就是戴在名词头上的一顶帽子。它是虚词，本身不能单独使用，只能附在一个名词上帮助说明这名词的含义。英语中冠词有两个，一是定冠词（the Definite Article），翻译成“这个”或“这些”；一是不定冠词（the Indefinite Article）
译作“一个”或“一类”
比如：我们说“书” 用“book”是对的，但是，放在一个句子里，如：
There is book on the desk.

This is book I bought there.

以上两句就是错句
∧
a
∧
the
定语从句
不定冠词的基本用法：
1。用来表示“一”这个数量，意思和one差不多
Eg:Rome was not built in a day.
The work will be finished in a day or two.
2。也可以用来表示“某一个”
This poem was written by a peasant.
A nurse is coming to see you.
3.代表一类人或东西
Even a child can answer this question.
A horse is a useful animal.
4.在作表语的名词前加不定冠词的情形很多，主要说明某个人或东西属于哪一类。
The man is an engineer.
Is this a book or a magazine?
5.用在一些固定搭配中和习惯用法中，要注意记忆！
all of a sudden=suddenly
as a matter of fact=in fact
in a hurry at a time pay a visit to
play a trick on have a try
play a joke on have a rest take a look
Studying English is a must.
It’s really a bargain.
a kind of
a sort of
a lot of=lots of
a number of=numbers of
a large quantity of=large quantities of
a great deal of
It is a pleasure.=It’s my pleasure.
As a writer, he is a great success.
The meeting proves to be a failure.
You really gave me a surprise.
What a pity/shame!
注意“a”和“an”
a boy an hour
a hero an island
a useful tool an honest girl
a university an effective method
元音音素发音的词前用“an”
_____European country
There is ____”s” in this word.
There is ____ silent “b” in this word.
a
an
a
使用定冠词的场合：
1。特指某些人和物
Beijing is the capital of the PRC.
2。指谈话双方都知道的人和物
Please open the door.
3。指前文中提到的人和事
I met a girl yesterday.The girl is a nurse.
4。用在世界上独一无二的事情或方位的名词前。
The earth moves round the sun.
5.用在单数可数名词前，用来表示一类人或事。
The tiger is in danger of dying out.
The telephone was invented by Bell.
6。用在序数词和形容词最高级前
He directed the first and also the best film in his country.
7。用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉和群岛的名称前
the Yellow River the Pacific Ocean
8。用在某些由普通名词和其它一些词组成的专有名词前:the Great Wall
9.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人
the Turners the Greens the Smiths
The Lis
10。在某些国名前
the United States the United Kingdom
11。在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事
the poor/rich/dead/living/wounded
12。表示朝代和年代的词前
the Ming Dynasty in the 1980‘s
13。在好多习惯用法中
in the morning/afternoon/evening
in the end in the beginning
at the end of at the beginning of
In the front of in the middle of
on the contrary on the other hand
In the hope of
不用冠词的场合
1。在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词：
This kind of machine is made in China.
Glass can be made into bottles.
without hesitation/delay/mercy
2.在表示一类人或事物的复数名词前，一般不用冠词
She likes reading stories.
They are all teachers.
Children like holidays.
3。名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格时，不再用冠词
Our country is a socialist one.
---Have you any sister?
--No,I have no sister.
Peter’s brother is an engineer.
4。在节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前一般不用冠词
但是在中国的传统节日前要用冠词
National Day May Day
New Year’s Day Sunday spring June
the Mid-autumn Festival
the Spring Festival
the Dragon-boat Festival
the Lantern Festival
5。担任的头衔、职务的名词在句子中作表语、补语和同位语时，要省略冠词：
Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the US.
He is chairman of the meeting.
Xiao Li,monitor of our class,often helps me.
比较：
Water boils at 100C
The water in this well has been polluted.

I like drinking tea.
Long-jing is a wonderful tea.

Coffee is served here.
I’d like three black coffees.

Failure is the mother of success.
The Asian Games is a great success.
在好多固定搭配中：
husband and wife body and soul
knife and fork day and night
after school/class/work
go to hospital/work/school/prison…
in front of at table on foot by car
go to town
out of question
在三餐饭，球类和棋类游戏名词前
goodbye