八年级下时态总结
1. 过去进行时
助动词: _______
肯定句: ______________
否定句: ______________
一般疑问句: ___________ 放句首
例如:
昨天8点我正在做作业.
__________________________
当他回到家时我正在听音乐.
__________________________
was / were
was / were + doing
wasn’t / weren’t + doing
was / were
I was doing homework at 8 yesterday.
I was listening to music when he came home.
2. 现在完成时
助动词: _______
肯定句: ______________
否定句: ______________
一般疑问句: _________ 放句首
例如:
他已经完成工作.
__________________________
我还没吃午饭.
__________________________
have/ has
have / has + 动词过去分词
have / has
He has finished the work already.
I haven’t had lunch yet.
haven’t / hasn’t + 动词过去分词
语法要点
1 现在完成时：
构成：have/has +动词的过去分词
常用的时间状语有：for +一段的时间,
since +表示起点的时间
______ two days _____ 20 years ago
_______ last week _____ 30 hours

常用的副词有：already, yet, never, ever, just， lately, recently
for
since
since
for
判断下列词语哪些可以和现在完成时连用(yes/no)：
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
No
No
No
No
难点解析
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
1）表示过去的动作刚刚结束，常与just, already, ever, never ,yet ,before连用。
他已经回到家了。
He has already gone home.
她还没找到一份工作。
She hasn’t found a job yet.
他刚刚关掉了灯。
He has just turned off the light.
难点解析
2)表示过去的结果对现在仍有影响，通常不与时间状语连用。
他们输掉了那场比赛。
They have lost the game.
他买了电脑。
He has bought the computer.
3）.表示开始于过去并持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。
1）表示动作的持续，常与 “ ____ +时间段” “________+时间起点” 连用。
他到珠海两年多了。
He has been in Zhuhai for over two years.
从三年前开始，我就认识他了。
I have known him since three years ago.
2)在现在完成时中，瞬间动词必须改为相应的表示延续意义的动词或词组才可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。
She has had the car for a year.
His father has been away from China for 5 years.
for
since
现在完成时的疑问？
格式: ________________ 助动词: __________
瞬间动词与持续动词:
瞬间动词可以用于完成时吗?
什么时候不可以用瞬间动词?
die  borrow 
buy  arrive in 
他已经买了那本书. ___________________
他买了那本书三天了.
________________________________
什么情况是例外?
他三天都没买任何东西.
___________________________________
have/ has + 过去分词
have has
be dead keep
have be in
He has bought that book.

He has had that book for three days.
He hasn’t bought anything for three days.
句型:
1. 去过:
2. 去了:
3. 一直在:
例如:
他去过香港三次.
他去了香港.
他在香港三年了.
have/ has been to
have/ has gone to
have/ has been in, at
He has gone to HongKong.
He has been to HongKong
for three times.
He has been in HongKong for three years.
1. 你去过美国吗? 没有,从来没有.

2. John在哪里?他去了图书馆. 他已经去那里两个小时了.

3..我已经买了三天了.

4. 英语课已经开始10分钟了.

5. 李雷已经离校半小时了.
Have you ever been to the USA? No, never.
Where is John?
He has gone to the library.
He has been there for two hours.
I have had it for three days.
The English class has been on for 10 minutes.
Li Lei has been away from school
for half an hour.
6. Mr谭在地震中牺牲了.他已经去世很多年了.
7. 这个婴儿已经出生两周了.

8. 麦克借<哈里.波特>已经有一个星期了.

9. 火车已经来了10分钟了.

10. 我姐姐当空姐已经有两年了.
Mr Tan died in the earthquake.
He has been dead for years.
The baby has been born for two weeks.
Mike has kept “Harry Potter” for a week.
The train has been here for 10 minutes.
My sister has been a flight attendant
for 2 years.
4. 现在完成进行时
助动词: _______
肯定句: ______________
否定句: ______________
一般疑问句: _________ 放句首
例如:
他们从2005年开始一直住在珠海.
__________________________
我一直看了三个小时书.
__________________________
have/ has
have / has + been + doing
have / has
They have been living in Zhuhai since 2005.
I have been reading for 3 hours.
haven’t / hasn’t + been + doing
I have been skating for two years.
She has been collecting toys since three years ago.
for+ 段时间 for two days
since+ 点时间 since two days ago
与其连用的时间状语有：
我已经滑冰两年了
自从三年前开始，我一直在收集玩具。
动词时态填空：
1. I __________(have) breakfast already.
2. She is ill. She ___________ (lie)in bed for three weeks.
3. So far Mei __________ (learn) over 2000 English words.
4. What _____ you _________(do) all this time?
5. You _______________(say) that since you came here years ago.
have had
has been lying
has learned
have been doing
have been saying
2. 主将从现
如果从句是由 _____ (如果)，______ (当)， __________ (一…就…) 引导的一般现在时的条件状语从句， 主句要用一般将来时或用can, should等情态动词组成的句子。
如果明天下雨， 我就留在家。
_________________________________
当他长大， 他将当一名医生。
__________________________________
我一打电话给他， 他就会来接我。
___________________________________
if
when
as soon as
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
When he grows up , he will be a doctor.
As soon as I call him, he will pick me up.
Exercises
Fill in the blanks with the words given.
The students will go to the Great Wall if it ___________ (not rain) tomorrow.
If he ___________ (not do) his homework, he’ll be late.
If she likes it, she _____________ (read) it soon.
If you play computer games on weekdays, you _________ (be) tired.
If you watch TV tonight, you __________ (not study) for the test.
doesn’t rain
doesn’t do
will read
will be
won’t study
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1.If you ______ (be) late, the teacher will be angry.
2.We don’t know if it __________ tomorrow (snow).
3.He ______________(become) a soccer player if
he works hard.
4. You _________(be) famous if you sing well.
are
will snow
will become
will be
5 Half of these bananas _____________(be) bad.
6 Half of the boys __________(like) basketball.
7. Half of the bread ______ tasty.(be)
are
like
is
I don’t know if my brother______ (come) tomorrow. If he_______ (come), I’ll be happy.
注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether，宾语从句通常位于主句之后。引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。　　我不知道明天是否会下雨。
 I don't know if it_______ (rain)tomorrow.
will come
comes
will rain
用动词适当形式填空
I __________ (see) this movie, and I __________ it last night.
I ____________ (sleep) when the telephone __________ (ring) yesterday.
If you __________ (go) to the party, you ___________ a good time.
They ____________________ (watch) TV since 10 o’ clock. Look, they are still ______________ (watch) TV now.
She ____________ (meet) Jay twice, and tomorrow she ______________ (meet) him again.
have seen saw
was sleeping rang
go will have
have been watching
watching
has met
will meet
持续动词和瞬间动词的转换
The dog ___________ last night. And it _____________ for 12 hours. (死亡)
I _____________ the book from her last week. And I _____________ it for seven days. (借)
He ___________ the watch since two weeks ago. He ___________ it with his wife at that time. (买)
You should ____________ (have) a rest, you ______________ (work) for 10 hours.
have
have been working
died
has been dead
borrowed
have kept
have had
bought
八年级下重点语法, 句型
一、直接引语与间接引语-----宾语从句
1. He said, “I’m hard-working.”
= He said he was hard-working.
1.注意时态一致
He wants to know where Mary was last night.
2. 引导词
1） that 2） if/ whether
3) 特殊疑问词
3. 陈述语序---- 引导词+ 主语+ 谓语
1. 直接引语和间接引语
直接引语: He said, “I come from China.”
间接引语: He said (that) he came from China.
直接改间接注意: 人称, 时态对应, 缺一不可.
陈述句时: 连词是_______, 可省略, 后接主谓.
She said, “I want to borrow a book.”
_________________________________
They said, “Our teacher is Miss Li.”
_________________________________
He said, “I will give you a gift.”
__________________________________
that
She said she wanted to borrow a book.
They said their teacher was Miss Li.
He said he would give me a gift.
一般疑问句时: 连词是 ____ 或 _______, 不可省.
例如: Lily said, “Are you a teacher?”
 Lily asked (me) if / whether I was a teacher.
John said, “Are they talking with Sam?”
____________________________________
She said, “Will you come to my birthday party?”
_________________________________________
注意, 只能用whether的情况:
1. 介词 + whether
2. whether or not, whether to do
3. whether 可放在句首.
if whether
John asked if they were talking with Sam.
She asked if I would come to her birthday party.
特殊疑问句时: 用原来的疑问词引导, 不可省.
例如: She said, “What are you doing?”
 She asked (me) what I was doing.
They said, “Where do you live?”
_______________________________
He asked, “When will you have a test?”
_________________________________
祈使句时： 变成 tell/ ask/ order sb. (not) to do
例如： He said, “Open the door.”
 ________________________________
He said, “Don’t open the door.”
 __________________________________
They asked where I lived.
He asked when I would have a test.
He told me to open the door.
He told me not to open the door.
My teacher said to me, “You were hard-working lst term.”
= My teacher said that _____ _____ hard-working last term.
2. Marcia phoned me, “I’m going to leave tomorrow.”
= Marica phoned me that she _____ going to leave the _____day.
3. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me.
= He asked me ____ I ____ _____ that film.
I was
was
next
if
had seen
4. The teacher said, “Don’t open your books, please.”
=The teacher told us ____ _____ open our books.
5. Mother said, “I’ll go shopping.”
= Mother said that _____ _____ go shopping.
6. The science teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.”
=The science teacher said that the earth _____ around the sun.
not to
she would
goes
Could you teel me what we’ll do?
= Could you tell me ____ ____ ____?
2. I don’t know which I will choose.
= I don’t know ____ ____ ____.
3. Nobody taught me how I could swim.
= Nobody taught me ___ ____ ___.
4. Tell me who will help us.
= Tell me ____ ____ ____ us.
what to do
which to choose
how to swim
who to help
特殊疑问词+ to do和宾语从句的转换
1. I don’t know which shirt to buy.
I don’t know which shirt I ___ ____ .
2. They don’t know where to go tomorrow.
They don’t know where ____ _____ _____ tomorrow.
3.Mary wonder when to visit the museum.
Mary wonders ____ _____ _____ ___
the museum.
should buy
they will go
when she should visit
( )3. —Do you know ________？
—Yes. She is doing her homework.
A. what is your sister doing
B. what your sister is doing
C. when your sister is doing homework
D. where is your sister doing homework
答案：
解析：考查宾语从句以及句意。宾语从句用陈述句语序。
B
( )6. —Do you know ______________？
—Next Sunday.
A. what they will do　 B. what will they do
C. when will they come
D. when they will come
答案：
解析：考查宾语从句。根据答语可知提问时间，连接词用when；且用陈述语序。故选
D
1. What did your son say in the letter ?
--- He said that he _____ China next Sunday.
A.will B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
2. He wondered ________ .
A. where is the youth centre is
B. what he did wrong
C. how far is the amusement park
D. when does the library open
3. My mother told me the earth __ around the sun.
A. goes B. goed C. went D. would go
D
B
A
三、感叹句
1)What + ___ 词！如：What a boy !
2)What + a/ an + adj + 单数可数名词！
What an unusual girl !
3)What + adj +可数名词复数！
What beautiful flowers!
4)What + adj + 不可数名词！
What hot soup !
5)How +______ / ______ + 主语+ 谓语！
How fast he fell asleep !
名
形容词
副词
两种感叹句转换，并翻译成汉语：
1 What a beautiful place!

2 What an exciting field trip!

3 What interesting stories.

4. What dangerous animals!

5. What a sweet mooncake!
How beautiful the place is!
How exciting the field trip is!
How interesting the stories are!
How dangerous the animals are!
How sweet the mooncake is!
6. How thirsty the boys are!

7. How expensive the computer is!

8. How high the kites are!

9. How careful the worker is!

10. How specific the suggestions are!
What thirsty boys (they are)!
What an expensive computer (it is)!
What high kites (they are)!
What a careful worker (he is)!
What specific suggestions (they are)!
1 那个盒子真大！

2 多刺激的一场比赛！

3 多蓝的天空！

4 多么旧的外套！

5 多么可爱的婴儿！

6 多么干净的一间教室！
What a big box.
How big the box is!
What an exciting match!
How exciting the match/ game is!
What blue sky!
How blue the sky is!
What an old coat!
How old the coat is!
What lovely babies!
How lovely the babies are!
What a clean classroom!
How clean the classroom is!
八年级下重点语言点
1.He sometimes spends 10 minutes ____ (run)

2. Do you mind _____ ( close) the window?

3.He is supposed ______ (hand) in his homework on time.
4. He is ______ (surprise) at the news.
5. Mary is good at ____ (drive) cars.
6. He stopped the girl from _____ (fall) off the bike.
running
closing
to hand
surprised
driving
falling
介词填空：
1 “I have studied English ______ two years.”
2 “When did you get here?” “ I got here ____ ten am.”
3. I will come back _____ two days.
4. “How long haven’t we met each other?” “_______ ten years ago.”
5. Please tell me the way ____ the hospital.
6. Can you say it _____ different ways?
7. Do you know the girl _____ glasses?
for
at
in
Since
to
in
with

too much much too
The room is ____ dirty and we’d better clean it at once.
Too much B. much too
C. much D.many
2. There are ____ people in the shop.
A. Much B. much too C. too much D. too many
+不可数名词(money)
+形容词或副词(rich)
B
D
pay for, cost, take, spend
How much did you ____ the bike?
Pay over B. pay off C. pay on
D. pay for
2. How much did your skirt ____ you?
Spend B. make C. cost D. need
3. Does it ____ two hours for you ____ finish your task?
A. spend…on B. take…to
C. pay…for D. takes…to
4. She will ______ one day visiting Beijing.
D
C
B
spend
Room--- 房间？ 空间？
1. How many ____ are there in the house?
A. room B. rooms C. roomes D. Room
2. We’ll try to _______ for you.
A. make room B. make a room
3. The big table takes up _________.
A. much too room B. much too room
C. too many rooms D. too much room
4. Can you leave _____ for me to store my books?
A. a few rooms B few rooms
C. a little room D. little room
B
A
D
C
1 My money _______. I don’t know what to do.
A. have run out B. have run out of
C. has run out D. has run out of
2. I ______ water. Could you give me some?
A. run out of B. run out
C. ran out of D. ran out
run out, run out of
C
C
Have- with?
1. I _____ a big house ____ a beautiful garden.
A. have, has B. have, with
C. with, have D. with, with
2. It changes ____ the seasons.
A. in B. on C. with D. of
3. Mr Li often comes into the classroom, _____ a book in his hand.
A with B in C has D. on
4. ____ your help we couldn’t finish it on time.
A Under B. Don’t have
C. Without D With
B
C
A
C
The more…the more…
Put into good Chinese/ English:
1. In fact, the busier he is, the happier he feels.

2. The more they talked, the more excited they became.

3. The older I get, the healthier I am.

4. The more dangerous it is, the more I like it.
事实上，他越忙，他就觉得越开心。
他们越谈越激动。
我越老身体就越好。
越危险我就越喜欢。
5. The sooner you start, the more quickly you’ll finish the work.

6. The more people you know, the less time you have to see them.

7. ____ _____ I am, _____ ____ I am.
我越忙就越高兴。
8 ____ ____ he learns, ___ ____ ___ ___.他越学就越聪明。
你开始得越早，完成工作就越快。
你认识的人越多，你见他们的时间就越少。
The busier
the happier
The more
the smarter he is.
4..There is going to ___ a match next Friday.
A. have B. be C. is D. has
5. ---How soon will he come back?
---______ five days.
A. After B. In C. Since D. For
6. I want to Know if Kelly ___ tomorrow. If he ___, let me know.
A. come , comes B. will come, comes
C. comes , will come D. will come , will come
7. He ___ likes bananas.
A. also B. too C. either D. neither
B
B
B
A
7. May I have _____tea ? I am thirsty.
A. a few B. a little C. few D. a few
8. We’ll try to buy ____ things with ____ money.
A. more, fewer B. less, more
C. fewer, fewer D. more , less
9. The ____ he does, the ___ lives will be saved by him.
A. better , more B. more , better
C.less, better D. better, less
B
B
D
10. The problem is ___ difficult for him __ work out.
A. too… to B. so … that
C. not … enough to D. such … that

11. Would you please ___ the TV? It’s too loud.
A, turn up B. turn down
C. Turn on D. turn off

12.The information is ____ and I’m ____ in it .
interesting, interesting B. interested, interested,
C. interest, interests D. interesting, interested
A
B
D
13.Have you ____ any wine ?
Yes, I _____ a little just now.
A. drunk, drank B. drank , drank
C. drunk, drunk D. drink , drank
14.I have ___ the dictionary since two years ago.
A. buy B. bought C. had D. buying
15. I _____ Beijing three times.
A. have been to B. have gone to
C. went to D. has gone to
A
C
A
16. A nice day, ____?
A. is it B. is that C. isn’t it D. isn’t that
17.He’s never been to Beijing, _____?
A. has he B. hasn’t he C,isn’t he D. is he
18.He got on _____ with his classmates.
A. badly B. bad C. good D. nice
19. I don’t have _______.
A. a enough money B. enough money
B. person enough D. enough personal
20 . Do you think about _____ ?
A. swimming B, go swimming C. swim
C

A
A
B
A
9 ___ ___ ___ ___, ___ ___ ____ ____ ______. 我们越学，就越爱学。

10. ____ ___ ____ ____ ____, ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____.
我们种树越多， 我们的城市就越美丽。

11. ___ ___ ___ ___ ____, ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ _____.
我们学英语学得越好，我们就越觉得它有趣。
The more we learn, the more we love
learning.
The more trees we plant, the more
beautiful our city will be.
The better we learn English, the more
interesting we feel it.
9 ___ ___ ___ ___, ___ ___ ____ ____ ______. 我们越学，就越爱学。

10. ____ ___ ____ ____ ____, ___ ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____.
我们种树越多， 我们的城市就越美丽。

11. ___ ___ ___ ___ ____, ___ ___ ____ ___ ___ ____ _____.
我们学英语学得越好，我们就越觉得它有趣。
The more we learn, the more we love
learning.
The more trees we plant, the more
beautiful our city will be.
The better we learn English, the more
interesting we feel it.
2. 肯定句中表示 “…也是”
Me too. / So + 助动词/ be 动词 + 主语
完整句, too
例如: He is a good student.
我也是: ___________ / ____________
_________________________
3. 否定句中表示 “…也是”
Me neither. / Neither +助动词/ be 动词 + 主语
完整句, either.
例如: He didn’t go to school.
我也是: ____________/ ______________
___________________________
Me too So am I.
I am a good student, too
Me neither. Neither did I .
I didn’t go to school, either.
1. What _____ would you like ?
A. other B. others C. the others D. else
2. There are few books here, _____ ____ ?
A. are there B. aren’t there C. are they
3. I forgot ______ the door . So the thief came in and stole many things from the door.
A. to close B. closing C. close
4. Have you practiced ______ ( sit ) on some knives ?
5. Stop ______ (step)! There is a river before.
D
A
A
sitting
steppping
6.Which is your teacher ?
The one _______ thick glasses over his eyes is.
A. wears B. wear C.with D. has
7.Tom is not very heavy .
Yes, I think we can say he is _____ heavy.
A. a little B. a bit C. a little bit D. A,B and C
8.What should I do ?
Please tell your partner _____ .
A. what do you think B. you like what
C.what you like D. what is you like
C
D
C
1. What did your son say in the letter ?
--- He said that he _____ China next Sunday.
A.will B. has visited
C. is going to visit D. would visit
2. He wondered ________ .
A. where is the youth centre is
B. what he did wrong
C. how far is the amusement park
D. when does the library open
3. My mother told me the earth __ around the sun.
A. goes B. goed C. went D. would go
D
B
A
4..There is going to ___ a match next Friday.
A. have B. be C. is D. has
5. ---How soon will he come back?
---______ five days.
A. After B. In C. Since D. For
6. I want to Know if Kelly ___ tomorrow. If he ___, let me know.
A. come , comes B. will come, comes
C. comes , will come D. will come , will come
7. He ___ likes bananas.
A. also B. too C. either D. neither
B
B
B
A
7. May I have _____tea ? I am thirsty.
A. a few B. a little C. few D. a few
8. We’ll try to buy ____ things with ____ money.
A. more, fewer B. less, more
C. fewer, fewer D. more , less
9. The ____ he does, the ___ lives will be saved by him.
A. better , more B. more , better
C.less, better D. better, less
B
B
D
10. The problem is ___ difficult for him __ work out.
A. too… to B. so … that
C. not … enough to D. such … that

11. Would you please ___ the TV? It’s too loud.
A, turn up B. turn down
C. Turn on D. turn off

12.The information is ____ and I’m ____ in it .
interesting, interesting B. interested, interested,
C. interest, interests D. interesting, interested
A
B
D
13.Have you ____ any wine ?
Yes, I _____ a little just now.
A. drunk, drank B. drank , drank
C. drunk, drunk D. drink , drank
14.I have ___ the dictionary since two years ago.
A. buy B. bought C. had D. buying
15. I _____ Beijing three times.
A. have been to B. have gone to
C. went to D. has gone to
A
C
A
16. A nice day, ____?
A. is it B. is that C. isn’t it D. isn’t that
17.He’s never been to Beijing, _____?
A. has he B. hasn’t he C,isn’t he D. is he
18.He got on _____ with his classmates.
A. badly B. bad C. good D. nice
19. I don’t have _______.
A. a enough money B. enough money
B. person enough D. enough personal
20 . Do you think about _____ ?
A. swimming B, go swimming C. swim
C

A
A
B
A
1.He sometimes spends 10 minutes ____ (run)

2. Do you mind _____ ( close) the window?

3.He is supposed ______ (hand) in his homework on time.
4. He is ______ (surprise) at the news.
5. Mary is good at ____ (drive) cars.
6. He stopped the girl from _____ (fall) off the bike.
running
closing
to hand
surprised
driving
falling