Unit 2　Working the land单词讲解
●重点单词1．struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力2．output n．产量；输出3．hunger n．饥饿；欲望→hungry adj.饥饿的；有欲望的4．expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述→expansion n．扩大；增加
5．circulate vt. & vi.循环；流传→circulation n．循环流通6．battle n．战役；战斗；较量；斗争vt. & vi.搏斗；奋斗7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而
8．equip vt. & vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)9．export vt. & vi.输出；出口→import vt. & vi.输入；入口；进口10．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.国家的；国有的
11．occupation n．工作；职业；占领→occupy vt.占领12．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑13．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜 n．遗憾；懊悔→regretful adj.后悔的
14．chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师15．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式)细菌16．reduce vt.减少；缩减；简化→reduction n．缩小；减少17．summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结18．comment n．评论；议论 vi. & vt.表达意见；作出评论
●重点短语1．thanks to幸亏；由于2．rid...of 摆脱；除去3．be satisfied with 对……感到满意4．would rather 宁愿；宁可5．build up 逐渐增强；建立；开发6．lead to 导致；造成7．focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于
8．keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)9．make a difference 造成差异，很重要10．keep in mind 牢记在心11．cause damage to 对……造成危害12．in addition 再者，还有13．turn to 转向
struggle vt. 搏斗；斗争；努力；挣扎　n．斗争；挣扎struggle with与……斗争struggle for 为争取……而斗争struggle against与……斗争；为反对……而斗争struggle to do sth. 努力/争取……=make great efforts to do sth.struggle through 奋力通过struggle to one‘s feet 挣扎着站起来struggle on/along (虽艰难仍)继续做某事
struggle for
struggling with
struggling
to
the struggle for
struggled to her feet
Dina，________for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A.struggling　　　　B．struggled
C. having struggled　　D. to struggle
解析：　句意为：几个月以来，Dina一直努力想找一份女服务员的工作，最终她在当地一家广告代理处谋到了一个职位。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。设空处与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，故排除B项；不定式作状语一般表示目的，故排除D项；C项相当于：Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress.而A项相当于：Dina was struggling for months to find a job as a waitress.根据句意可知，C项更符合要求，故为答案。
答案：　C
expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；阐述expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展expansive adj. 扩张性的；开展性的；广阔的expand into/to 使扩大，变大expand on/upon 阐述，详谈
We should constantly broaden our views and expand our knowledge.
我们要不断地开拓自己的眼界、增长见识。
[即学即练2](1)Metals ________ when they are heated.金属受热会膨胀。(2)We've __________ ______ __________ by opening two more stores. 我们增开了两个商店以扩展业务。(3)I repeated the question and waited for her to _________.我把问题重复了一遍，等着她进行充分阐述。
expand
expanded
the
business
expand
therefore adv.(＝as a result of that)因此；所以
[即学即练3]He was very tired and __________ he fell sound asleep.＝He was very tired. __________ he fell sound asleep.＝He was very tired, ______ he fell sound asleep.他累得很，因此睡得很熟。
therefore
Therefore
so
提示：therefore 是副词，不能引导从句，两个句子之间要用连词或者分号；而 so是连词，可接从句。
4．equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n. [U]装备；设备equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物be equipped with sth. 装备有某物equip sb./sth. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而准备 be equiped for (doing) sthequip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事sb. be equipped to do sth. 某人有准备做某事a piece of equipment 一件设备
[即学即练4](1)Our classroom ______ ________ ______ a TV set and a tape recorder.我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。(2)A good education should ______ ______ ______ ______.良好的教育能使你受用终生。(3)Our school has been given ______ ______ __________.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。
is
equipped
with
equip
you
for
life
some
new
equipment
confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；使混乱；混淆
(1)confuse...and/with...把……和……混淆
(2)confusion n．混乱；迷惑
(3)confused adj.困惑的，烦恼的(以人作主语)
(4)confusing adj.令人费解的；使人困惑的(以物作主语)
Judging from his________expression，he didn’t understand the________problem referring to teenagers’ mental health.
答案：　confused；confusing
regret v．可惜，后悔，遗憾；惋惜；n.遗憾，抱歉

共 96 页
21
regret v．&n. 遗憾；后悔；惋惜refuse with much regret (many regrets) 婉言拒绝to one's regret 令人遗憾的是feel regretful for....对……感到后悔express regret for/at/over sth... 对……表示遗憾regret＋n./pron./doing/having done 后悔做某事regret＋that－clause 后悔，遗憾……regret to say/tell/inform... 很抱歉地说/告诉/通知……It's much to be regretted that... 令人遗憾的是……
①It’s no use regretting what you have done.
后悔你做过的事情没有用。
②I regret that I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
很遗憾，我不能接受你的友好邀请。
③I have always regretted not having studied harder at school.
我一直后悔在校期间没能努力学习。
④We think，much to our regret，that we will not be able to visit you next year.
让我们深感遗憾的是，我们认为明年不能去拜访你了。
⑤We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.
我们很遗憾的通知您，您的申请未通过。
[即学即练5](1)He regretted _________ ______ careless.＝He regretted ______ ______ ______ ______ careless.他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。(2)I regret ______ ______ you that we are unable to offer you employment. 我遗憾地通知你，我们不能雇用你。(3)______ ______ ______ ______， I must leave now.令我很遗憾的是，我现在必须离开了。 (4)We heard ______ ______ that you were not successful in your plan. 听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。
having
been
that
he
had
been
to
inform
Much
to
my
regret
with
regret
—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh,yes. How often I have regretted________his advice!
A．to take　　　B．taking
C．not to take　　D．not taking
解析：regret (not) doing/having done sth.表示“后悔 (没)做 (了)某事”。
答案：　D
—Mr Black，what about my application?
—Oh，I regret________you that it hasn’t been successful.
A．telling　　　 B．to tell
C．having told　　　 D．said
解析：　句意为：——布莱克先生，我的申请如何？——噢，我很遗憾地告诉你，它未通过。由句意可知为“遗憾地要去干某事”，故选择regret to do的形式。
答案：　B
focus n．(兴趣、活动等的)中心；焦点v．(使)集中，聚集；(使)聚焦be in focus 焦距对准；清晰be out of focus 焦距没对准；模糊bring sth. into focus 把某物集中在焦点上focus sth. on (upon) sth.＝fix...on...使……集中于……be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on 集中于……
[即学即练6](1)The ______ ______ my camera isn‘t working properly.我照相机上的调焦装置有毛病。(2)Her beauty makes her ______ ______ ______ ________.她长得漂亮，很惹人注意。(3)We should ______ ______ _________ ______ our study.我们应该把注意力放在学习上。(4)She felt all the eyes ______ _________ ______ her.她觉得所有人都在注视着她。
focus
on
the
focus
of
attention
focus
our
attention
on
were
focused
on
reduce vt. 减少；缩减；简化reduce one's expenditure 减少某人的开支[ɪk'spendɪtʃə(r)] be reduced to despair 陷入绝望reduce to... 降至……reduce by... 减少了……
[即学即练7](1)He persuaded them to ______ the price ______ $1 000.他设法使他们的价格降到1 000美元。(2)Production costs have ______ ________ ______ one third.生产成本下降了1/3。(3)The fire __________ the forest ______ a few trees.大火把森林烧得仅剩下几棵树了。
reduce
to
been
reduced
by
reduced
to
comment vt.评论 n．评论，意见，议论have a/some/any comment(s) on/about sth.对…… 有评论、意见ask for comment 征求意见make comments on sth.评论某事No comment. 无可奉告。Without comment. 不必多说。comment(v.)on/ upon sth.评论，对……发表意见comment(v.)that－clause评论……
[即学即练8](1)Have you any ___________ ______ the proposals？你对这些建议有什么意见吗？(2)It created ______ ___________ in the press.这引起报界广泛的评论。(3)He made some useful ___________ ______ my work.他对我的作品作了一些实用的评论。 (4)He ____________ that it was an excellent film.他评论这部电影很精彩。
comments
on
wide
comment
comments
on
commented
thanks to 由于；多亏(介词短语，在句中做原因状语，常置于句首或句末)because of 因为；由于owing to 由于，因……之缘故as a result of 作为……的结果，由于due to 因为，由于(不能放在句首)on account of 由于；因为
[即学即练9](1)_________ ______ Jim's warning, we avoided the accident.多亏吉姆的提醒，我们避免了一场事故。(2)I couldn't attend the meeting ______ ______ illness.我因病不能出席会议。(3)The delay was ______ ______ power failure.延滞是由于停电。
Thanks
to
owing
to
due
to
due to
Owing to
Because of
thanks to
Thanks to
rid sb./oneself/sth. of sth. 使……摆脱……be/get rid of 去掉，摆脱；抛弃remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事be free of... 摆脱……
[即学即练10](1)One day we will manage to ______ ______ ______ ______ this terrible disease.总有一天我们有办法使这种可怕的疾病在世界上绝迹。(2)You must ______ _________ ______ these old－fashioned ideas.你必须摒弃这些陈旧观念。(3)We‘ll have to ______ ______ ______ him.我们必须摆脱他。(4)How can we ______ ______ ______ all the flies in the kitchen?我们怎样才能把厨房内的苍蝇统统消灭掉？
rid
the
world
of
rid
yourself
of
get
rid
of
get
rid
of
be satisfied with 对……感到满意be satisfied that... 满意……be satisfied to do 乐意干……satisfy vt.满意；使满意satisfied adj. 感到满意的satisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfactory adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意，满足
[即学即练11](1)I __________________ the result.我对那个结果很满意。(2)My parents try to __________________.我父母尽量满足我的需求。(3)There was __________________ on his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。(4)________________________，my boss agreed to my suggestion.很使我满意的是，老板同意了我的建议。
was satisfied with
satisfy my needs
a satisfied look
Much to my satisfaction
lead to 通向，导致，致使lead＋n.＋to sth. 引导……到……lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
[即学即练12](1)The bank has offered a reward for any information ____________ the arrest of the men.银行悬赏任何能将这些人绳之以法的情报。(2)What _____________________ acting as a career？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？
leading to
led you to take up
提示：(1)lead to中的 to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。类似的词组还有：devote to 致力于/pay attention to 对……加以注意/object to 反对/stick to 坚持/look forward to 期望，等等。(2)lead to 不用被动语态。(3)lead to 是前因后果，而 lie in (＝result from) 是前果后因。 It is said that a cigarette end caused/led to/resulted in the forest fire.据说是一个烟头引起了这场森林大火。
turn
take
built up
keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)使……不含(有害物)free from 没有……，免于……，无……之忧free of 无……的；免于……的，离开了……的free sb./sth. from... 使某人/某物自由；解放；释放for free＝free of charge 免费地，无偿地be free to do sth. 自由地做某事be free with sb. 对某人放肆free as the air 自由自在set sb. free 释放某人
[即学即练13](1)______ the table ____________ dirt by putting a cover over it.用个东西把桌子罩住，免得灰尘落在上面。(2)The lake ______________ pollution.这湖没有污染。(3)The secretary _________________ all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。(4)Try to __________________ all prejudices.尽量消除一切偏见。
Keep
free from
is free of
was free from
free yourself from
struggle
regret
expand
equip
comments
C
A
B
B
C
The policeman's ______ traffic directions made all the drivers quite ______.
A．confused; confused
B．confusing; confusing
C．confusing; confused
D．confused; confusing
答案：C
解析：confusing “令人迷惑的”，多修饰物；confused “感到迷惑的”，多修饰人。
—Robert is indeed a wise man.
—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice!
A．to take B．taking
C．not to take D．not taking
答案：D
解析：考查regret 的用法。 regret to do 遗憾要做某事，regret doing 后悔做了某事。题意为“我经常后悔没有听取他的建议”。
．If I ruled the world I would ______ the world ______ wars, killers and everything else that is bad.
A．get rid