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Unit 4
Astronomy: the science of the stars
1.violent

2.explode
adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的

vt.& vi.(使)爆炸;爆发
3.atmosphere
n.大气层;气氛
4.surface

5.harmful

6.spread

7.depend
n.表面;外表;水面 adj.表面的;肤浅的

adj.有害的;伤害的

vt.& vi.展开;伸展;传播

vi.依靠;依赖;取决于
8.force

9.float
n.力量;暴力 vt.强迫;强制;逼迫

vi.& vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮 n.漂流物
1.explode
vt.& vi.(使)爆炸;爆发
例句
The army took the time bomb away to a safe place and
exploded it.
军队把定时炸弹移到一个安全的地方,并引爆了它。
搭配
explode in/with anger 勃然大怒
explode into/with laughter 放声大笑
运用
完成句子
(1)你勃然大怒之时,你的敌人开始笑了。

When you___________________, your enemy will start

smiling.
(2)如果飞机的一小部分失灵,飞机将在空中爆炸。

If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane______

________in the sky.
explode in/with anger
would
explode
2.harmful
adj.有害的;伤害的
例句
It's harmful to your eyes to read on the bus.
在公共汽车上看书对你的眼睛有害。
派生
搭配
harm vt.& n.损害;伤害;危害

be harmful to sb./sth. = do harm to sb./sth. 或 do
sb./sth.harm 或 harm sb./sth.对……有害处;有害于

do good to sb./sth. = do sb./sth.good 或 be good for sb./sth.

对……有好处;有益于
do more harm than good 弊大于利
运用
完成句子
(1)过量喝酒对你的身体有害。
________________________________your health to drink

too much.

(2)许多人争辩说考试弊大于利。
A lot of people argue that exams_____________________.
It is harmful to/It does harm to/It harms
do more harm than good
3.spread vt.& vi.展开;伸展;传播
例句
He spread the news around the town.
他在镇上到处传播这一消息。
He spread the map out on the floor.

他把地图铺在地板上。
搭配
spread like wildfire 像野火般迅速传播;(消息等)迅
速地传开
spread out 伸张;传播开;散开;扩大;铺开;打开

spread (sb./oneself) out 使(某人/自己)离开其他人或散开

spread on 涂沫(或敷)在……上
运用
完成句子
(1)一张厚厚的地毯铺在地板上。
A thick blanket_____________ on the floor.

(2)谣言在那个小城镇像野火般地传开了。
The rumours_________________ from mouth to mouth in that

town.

(3)别都挤在一块,分开坐吧。
Don't all sit together.___________________.
was spread out
spread like wildfire
Spread yourselves out
4.depend
vi.依靠;依赖;取决于
例句
I may go to America or not, it all depends.
我也许去美国,也许不去,要视情况而定。
The party depends on whether or not we can collect enough

money.

这次宴会取决于我们能否募捐到足够的钱。
搭配
depend on/upon 依靠;信赖;取决于
That (all) depends/It (all) depends.那得看情况/那可不一定。

depend on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事
运用
完成句子
(1)你不能指望你的敌人来帮助你。
You_______________your enemy to help you.

(2)我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
Our success _______________whether everyone works hard.
can't depend on
depends on/upon
5.force
n.力量;暴力 vt.强迫;强制;逼迫
例句
The thief forced her to hand over the money.
强盗逼她把钱交出来。
Force can never destroy right.暴力绝不能摧毁正义。
搭配
force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事
by force 用武力(或暴力);强迫

take by force 用武力夺取(或占领)

come/enter/go/bring into force (开始)实施(或实行);(政府法

令、法律、协议等)开始生效

put in/into force 实施(或实行)(政府法令、法律、协议等)
运用
完成句子
(1)他被迫要找第二份工作。
He___________________ a second job.

(2)协议将在明年春天生效。
The agreement__________________________________ next

spring.

(3)士兵们强行把犯人带走了。
The soldiers took the prisoners away________.
was forced to look for
will come into force/be put into force
by force
用本单元所学单词及用法完成下列句子
1.屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。
A(n) ___________ of tension filled the room.
2.谁散布的这些谣言?
Who ______ these rumours?
3.环境将迫使我们最终采取这项政策。
Circumstances will _____us finally to adopt this policy.
4.你游累了就漂浮一会儿。
When you're tired of swimming, just _____ for a while.
atmosphere
spread
force
float
5.小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。
Children _________their parents for food and clothing.
6.频繁熬夜是有害的。
It___________ stay up frequently.
7.当老板看到销售报告时,他气炸了。
The boss __________________ when he saw the sales report.
8.那种暴力罪犯对社会是一种危害。
________ criminals like that are a danger to society.
depend on
is harmful to
exploded in/with anger
Violent
1.in time 及时;终于;总有一天

2.in one's turn 轮到某人;接着

3.prevent...from 阻止;制止
4.cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋

5.now that 既然;由于

6.break out 突发;爆发
7.watch out 密切注视;当心;提防
1.in time 及时;终于;总有一天
例句
In time they came to accept the harsh facts.
他们最终承认了严酷的事实。
Can we get to the station in time?

我们能及时到达车站吗?
拓展

运用
on time 按时

完成句子
(1)要不是他们帮忙,我们不能及时完成这个项目。

But for their help, we could not have finished the program_______.

(2)我们相信工作能按时完成。

We are sure that the work will be finished_______.
in time
on time
2.in one's turn 轮到某人;接着
例句
The leader shook hands with them in their turn.
领导和他们一个个轮着握手。
拓展
in turn 轮流;依次
by turns 轮流;交替

take turns to do sth.轮流做某事

It's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
运用
完成句子
(1)轮到你用电脑啦。

___________to use the computer.

(2)他们轮流值夜班。

They were____________ to be on the night shift.
It's your turn
taking turns
3.prevent...from (=stop/keep...from) 阻止;制止
例句
Nothing can prevent him from going.
什么都不能阻止他前往。
注意
(1)在主动语态中,stop 和 prevent 后的 from 都可以
省略,但 keep 后的 from 不能省略。

(2)在被动语态中,此三个短语中的 from 均不能省略。
运用
完成句子
(1)我因有急事不能去。

I ____________________________going by urgent business.

(2)大雨使我们不能踢足球了。
The
heavy
rain
prevented/stopped
us
(from)
playing
football/kept us from playing football
was prevented/stopped/kept from
.
4.cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋
例句
Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over.
振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去的。
The good news cheered him up.

这好消息使他高兴起来。
运用
完成句子
振作起来!我肯定你明天会好些的。
________! I'm sure you'll feel better tomorrow.
Cheer up
5.now that
既然;由于
例句
Now that you are all here, let's try and reach a decision.
既然大家都来了,咱们就尽量做出一个决定吧。
Now that prices are rising so fast, all my money is running out.

由于价格上涨太快,我的钱都快花光了。
辨析
now that/since/as/because/for
(1)now that 既然,与 since 含义相近,语气较弱,强调人们

已知的事实。

(2)since 侧重主句,从句表示显然的或已为人所知的理由,

常译为“因为”或“既然”,语气比 because 稍弱,通常置于句

首,表示一种含有勉强语气的原因。
(3)as 表示的原因是双方已知的事实或显而易见的,或者理

由不是很重要的,含义与 since 相同,但语气更弱,没有 since

正式,常译为“由于,鉴于”。从句说明原因,主句说明结果,

主从并重。
(4)because 通常表示直接而明确的原因和理由,表示按因果

关系的推断,语气很强,用来回答 why 的问题, 一般位于主句

之后。在强调句型中,只能用 because。
(5)for 是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说

明理由。它所引导的分句只能放在句子后部(或单独成为一个句

子),并且前后两个分句间的逻辑关系不一定是因果关系,其间

用逗号隔开,且 for 不可置于句首,for 的这一用法常用在书面

语中,较正式。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词或短语填空
(1)It was ________ I missed the early bus that I was late for

school.

(2)It must be morning,___ the birds are singing.
(3)I must stop to work now, __
I have rather a lot of work to
do.

(4) _____________you've got a chance, you might as well

make full use of it.
because
for
as
Now that/Since
6.break out 突发;爆发
例句
When the war break out, the two countries break off
their diplomatic relation.

战争爆发后,两国间断绝了外交关系。
辨析
break out/take place/happen/occur
(1)break out 意为“突发;爆发”,常指战争、灾难、疾病

等灾祸的突然发生,也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。
(2)take place 表示“发生;举行;举办”,一般指非偶然性

事件的“发生”,即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的
安排。常用于有计划的事情的发生。
(3)happen 作“发生;碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件。

(4)occur 作“发生;想到;突然想起”解,其意义相当于

happen。表示思想感情上的“突然想出”,可用于“It occurs to

sb.that.../It occured that...”,但 happen 没有这个用法。
运用
用上面所提供的辨析词或短语的适当形式填空
(1)The war between the north and the south__________ in 1861.

(2)When did the traffic accident ____________?

(3)Great changes have ___________ in my hometown since

liberation.

(4)It _________ to me that she didn't know I had moved into the

new house.
broke out
happen/occur
taken place
occurred
7.watch out 密切注视;当心;提防
例句
拓展
Watch out! There's a car coming.小心!汽车来了。

watch out for sb./sth.当心或注意某人/某事
watch over 保护;照看

look out/take care/be careful 当心
运用
完成句子
(1)警方正密切注意嫌疑犯的行动。
The police are ____________ for the suspect.

(2)请您帮忙照顾一下我的女儿好吗?
Would you please __________my daughter?
watching out
watch over
用本单元所学短语及用法完成下列句子
1.当 SARS 爆发的时候,恐惧笼罩了整个国家。
When SARS_________, fear spread all over the country.
2.“汤姆,你最终会成功的。”这个老人笑着说。
“You'll succeed _______, Tom.” said the old man smiling.
3.职工们努力去掌握新的技术来提高生产。
The employees are trying _______________the new technique
to increase production.
broke out
in time
to get the hang of
4.既然你已经大学毕业了,就不能再在衣食上依赖你的父
母了。
_______________you're a college graduate, you can't depend on
your parents for food and clothing any more.
5.振作起来!你知道失败是成功之母,毕竟,这是我们的
第一次尝试。
_________! You know failure is the mother of success.After all,
this is our first attempt.
6.我说过我一定是病了,我得留意一下症状。
I said I should be sick, and that I must____________ the
symptoms.
Now that/Since
Cheer up
watch out for
7.应该采取措施保护河流不受工厂的污染。
Measures should be taken __________the factory _____polluting
the river.
8.经过多年努力,这位导演终于等到他登上领奖台的时刻。
After many years of laborious work, the director has,_____
____, got the chance to step on the award platform.
to prevent
from
in his
turn
原句 1
So whether life will continue on the earth for millions
of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.

所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这
个问题能否得到解决。
精讲
句中两个以 whether 引导的从句均为名词性从句,
前者是主语从句,后者是宾语从句。在引导宾语从句时
whether(介词的宾语除外)通常可以和 if 互换,但引导主语从句、

表语从句或同位语从句时通常多用 whether 而不用 if。
精练
根据中文提示,完成下列句子
(1)亨利问他是否可以上网。

Henry asked_____________________________________.

(2)她的问题是人类将来能否在火星上生活。

Her question is_____________________________________.

(3)布莱克先生与会与否无关紧要。

____________________________________doesn't matter at all.
原句 2
But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried
twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈进的时

候,我发现我被送出去很远,步子的幅度竟然是在地球上的两

倍,因而我跌倒了。
if/whether he could go surfing on the Internet
whether humans will be able to live on Mars
Whether Mr.Black will go to the conference
精讲
几种倍数表示法:
(1)倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than...

(2)倍数+as+形容词/副词+(进行比较的名词)+as...

(3)倍数+the+表示衡量的名词 (the size/weight/length/

depth/width...)+of...

(4)倍数+more+进行比较的名词+than...

(5)倍数+as many/much+进行比较的名词+as...

(6)倍数+that of+被比较对象...
精练
根据中文提示,完成下列句子
(1)这个大厅比我们的教室大 5 倍。

This hall _____________________our classroom.
=This hall ___________________our classroom.
=This hall_________________ of our classroom.
(2)今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。(汉语中的多一
倍实际上也指两倍一样多。)

We've produced___________________________ (we did) ten
years ago.
(3)我们班学生人数比他们班多两倍。

There are ___________________________ than in theirs.
(4)这个车间 7 月份的产量是 1 月份的 3.5 倍。

In this workshop the output of July ________________ of
January.
is five times bigger than
is six times as big as
is six times the size
twice as much cotton this year as
twice more studen

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